Thyroid profile in patients with chronic respiratory failure: effect of domiciliary noninvasive positive airway pressure

Background Various thyroid hormone states have been described in patients with respiratory failure. Domiciliary noninvasive positive airway pressure (NPAP) can be used for management of chronic respiratory failure. Aim This study aims to assess thyroid function in patients with chronic respiratory failure and to evaluate the effect of domiciliary NPAP on thyroid hormone levels. Patients and methods Forty-five patients were admitted with acute on top of chronic respiratory failure of various causes; all were addressed after discharge to domiciliary NPAP, either continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bi-level positive airway pressure (BPAP). Thyroid hormones and arterial blood gas were assessed on admission, at the time of discharge, and at 2-month follow-up. Results On admission, 21 (46.67%) patients had nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) and eight (17.78%) patients had subclinical hypothyroidism. PO2 level was significantly lower in patients with NTIS than subclinical hypothyroidism, and it correlated positively with thyroid hormone levels. A highly significant increase in PO2 and reduction in PCO2 were found after 2 months of discharge on domiciliary CPAP or BPAP as compared with their levels on discharge and admission. The percentage of change in arterial blood gas and thyroid hormone levels (between admission and 2 months follow-up) when comparing CPAP with BPAP was statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion NTIS and subclinical hypothyroidism can occur in patients with acute-on-chronic respiratory failure correlating with PO2 even in 2-month follow-up period in patients on domiciliary NPAP, with no significant difference between CPAP and BPAP

Erratum: Inter-comparison of gauge-corrected global satellite rainfall estimates and their applicability for effective water resource management in a transboundary river basin: The case of the Meghna River Basin [Remote Sens, 6, 828 (2018)]doi 10.3390/rs10060828

Erratu

Evaluating the benefits of merging near-real-time satellite precipitation products: A case study in the Kinu basin region, Japan

After the launch of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission in 2014, many satellite precipitation products (SPPs) are available at finer spatiotemporal resolution and/or with reduced latency, potentially increasing the applicability of SPPs for near-real-time (NRT) applications. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the NRT SPPs in the GPM era and investigate whether bias-correction techniques or merging of the individual products can increase the accuracy of these SPPs for NRT applications. This study utilizes five commonly used NRT SPPs, namely, CMOPRH RT, GSMaP NRT, IMERG EARLY, IMERG LATE, and PERSIANN-CCS. The evaluation is done for the Kinu basin region in Japan, an area that provides observed rainfall data with high accuracy in space and time. The selected bias correction techniques are the ratio bias correction and cumulative distribution function matching, while the merged products are derived with the error variance, inverse error variance weighting, and simple average merging techniques. Based on the results, all SPPs perform best for lower-intensity rainfall events and have challenges in providing accurate estimates for typhoon-induced rainfall (generally more than 50% underestimation) and at very fine temporal scales. Although the bias correction techniques successfully reduce the bias and improve the performance of the SPPs for coarse temporal scales, it is found that for shorter than 6-hourly temporal resolutions, both techniques are in general unable to bring improvements. Finally, the merging results in increased accuracy for all temporal scales, giving new perspectives in utilizing SPPs for NRT applications, such as flood and drought monitoring and early warning systems