Common Fixed Point Theorems under Rational Inequality

In this paper we establish common fixed point theorems for two pairs of self maps in a complete metric space by using occasionally weakly biased maps satisfying the property (E.A.) using contraction  condition involving rational expressions.  These results partially generalize  Pachpatte [10], Jeong and Rhoades [5] and Kameswari [9]. Keywords: Weakly compatible, occasionally weakly compatible, property (E.A), coincidence point, point of coincidence, common fixed point. AMS (2010) Mathematics Subject Classifications: 47H10

Scalability of LBS in Mobile GIS Using Web Services

Abstract GIS becomes an active research area in the field of GIS. Information collection is one of the most important fact in application directions of mobile GIS. Spatial data infrastructures (SDI) providing geospatial web services as well as mobile GIS. In this paper was to investigate the possibility of designing and implementing a mobile system, able to visualize and manipulate geographic information, with the interoperability of GIS systems in mind, i.e., by using formats and open standards. To assess these premises, architecture was designed Mobile Data Service as a middle-tire to increase computing power, display size and communication bandwidth. Middle-tier architecture allows an effective use of geospatial web services by mobile clients

Application of Fixed Point Results on Rational F-Contraction Mappings to Solve Boundary Value Problems

The notion of rational F-contractions using α -admissibility of type-S in b-metric-like spaces is introduced and the new fixed and periodic point theorems are proved for such mappings. Numerical examples are illustrated to check the efficiency and applicability of our fresh findings. It is also observed that some of the works reported in the literature are the particular cases of the present study

Climatology of low-latitude mesospheric echo characteristics observed by Indian mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere radar

Low-latitude mesospheric echo characteristics are investigated using data collected during June 1994 to July 2005 (11 years) by the Indian mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere radar located at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E). Mesospheric echoes are frequently observed during 1000-1530 hrs (local time) in the height range of 68-78 km and are found to be highly intermittent in both space and time, consistent with those reported elsewhere. Although echoes are observed throughout the year, strong seasonal dependence has been observed in both echo occurrence and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Percentage occurrence (PO) of mesospheric echoes shows two maxima, one during late March equinox and early summer, and another during September. However, corresponding SNR suggests that strong echoes occur in both equinoxes with a minimum during winter. A clear semiannual variation is observed in PO of echoes with a peak occurring during the months of May and October. Similar variation is observed in SNR with peaks in March and September-November. These features are quite different from those observed at midlatitudes and high latitudes. Annual oscillation seems to fit well above 78 km and below 68 km, although on many occasions, occurrence of echo is poor at these heights. The ratio of vertical to off-vertical beam SNR (which could be taken as a measure of aspect sensitivity) was close to unity at these heights, indicating that scattering is due to turbulence-generated refractive index fluctuations. A positive correlation (R = 0.37) between PO and solar activity is observed, whereas a negative correlation (R = -0.55) is found between SNR and solar activity. The echo characteristics observed have been compared in detail with those reported from midlatitudes and high latitudes. The mechanisms behind the observed features are discussed in the light of mesospheric temperature inversions (MTIs), which are often noticed at this location, and wave breaking at these altitudes

Nimbolide a limonoid from azadirachta indica inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells

We investigated the cytotoxic effects of nimbolide, a limonoid present in leaves and flowers of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) on human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells. Treatment with nimbolide resulted in dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth of BeWo cells with IC50 values of 2.01 and 1.19 μM for 7 and 24 h respectively, accompanied by downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Examination of nuclear morphology revealed fragmentation and condensation indicating apoptosis. Increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that was reversed by addition of reduced glutathione suggested ROS involvement in the cytotoxicity of nimbolide. A decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio with increased expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-3, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase provide compelling evidence that nimbolide-induced apoptosis is mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. The results of the present study suggest that nimbolide has immense potential in cancer prevention and therapy based on its antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effects

The Effects of Spray Drying Conditions on Water Absorption Index, Water Solubility Index, Solubility and Water Activity (aw) of Rice Milk Powder

Cow’s milk has been widely consumed as it acts as an important source of protein. It also acts as a wholesome complete food providing all the major nutrients like fat, carbohydrates and proteins. Due to the lactose intolerance in some people in place of cow’s milk plant based milk products are becoming more popular due to its nutritional benefits same as that of cow’s milk. Broken rice has the nutritional benefits equal to raw rice and it can be processed into various value added products. In this study, the broken rice was used to prepare rice milk with the optimized process parameters. Rice milk was spray dried to enhance its shelf life at different inlet drying air temperatures and feed flow rates. Temperature and feed flow rate were optimized with desirability function which satisfied all the responses with required values to obtain optimum conditions for spray drying. The predicted optimum conditions were;T= 138°C, and Q= 35 mL/min. Under these conditions, the response values for water activity, water solubility index and water absorption index were 0.30, 72.8% and 21.7%, respectively

The Effects of Spray Drying Conditions on Moisture Content, Water Activity, Bulk Density, and Tapped Density of Rice Milk Powder

Cow's milk is usually consumed by the majority of the population and is well thought of as a wholesome complete food providing major nutrients like fat, proteins, and carbohydrates. Though milk is considered to be a complete food yet limited availability or near absence of certain minerals such as iron, and vitamins restricts its recommendation as a complete food for infants older than 12 months. To meet this requirement the rice milk was prepared by using the broken rice. Spray drying is a method applied to dry a wide variety of food extracts. The resulting powders are conveniently stored, transported, and handled. To increase the shelf life of the rice milk, spray drying of the rice milk was done by using the different inlet temperatures and feed flow rates. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of spray drying conditions on moisture content, bulk density, and tapped density of rice milk powder in 2019 at Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, India. The broken rice was used to prepare rice milk with the optimized process parameters. Temperature and feed flow rate were optimized with the desirability function which satisfied all the responses with the required values to obtain optimum conditions for spray drying. The predicted optimum conditions were T=138°C and Q=35 MLM-1. Under these conditions, the response values for bulk density, moisture content, and water activity were 0.51 GML-1, 3.8% and 0.30