The Role of Partnerships in Economic Development and Labor Markets in the United States

This paper describes the role of local partnerships in the delivery of workforce and economic development services in the United States. Partnerships include both public and private organizations and increasingly depend upon local business people for leadership. With grassroots organizations traditionally taking the lead in addressing local issues and a long history of decentralized government, it is not surprising that a labyrinth of partnerships characterize the provision of public services. This paper grew out of a study tour that the Upjohn Institute conducted in conjunction with the Local Employment and Economic Development (LEED) Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). Delegates from 16 European countries visited nearly two dozen partnership organizations in the U.S. Midwest. The paper summarizes the history of local partnerships in the United States, tracks the separate evolution of workforce and economic development activities, describes the leadership roles of the federal and state governments in fostering partnerships, and provides case studies of current public-private partnerships that the delegates visited on the tour. The paper concludes by drawing lessons learned from the tour regarding the efficiency of partnerships, the efficiency of service delivery, the local management of programs, and the proper roles of federal, state, and local governments. A version of the paper appears in an OECD volume on partnerships entitled Local Partnerships for Better Governance, prepared by Sylvain Giguereworkforce, economic, development, OECD, partnerships, Eberts, Erickcek, Upjohn

Unionization and cost of production: compensation, productivity, and factor-use effects

A demonstration that unionization can affect cost of production through increases in compensation, through shifts in technologies, and through deviations from the least-cost combination of inputs (the factor-use effect).Labor productivity ; Wages ; Labor unions

Metropolitan wage differentials: can Cleveland still compete?

A look at the Cleveland metropolitan labor market as a point of comparison to highlight how labor costs in a major industrial city fare with respect to other U.S. cities. ; A look at the Cleveland metropolitan labor market as a point of comparison to highlight how labor costs in a major industrial city fare with respect to other U.S. cities.Wages ; Cleveland (Ohio) ; Urban economics

Gauge Theories in AdS5AdS_5 and Fine-Lattice Deconstruction

The logarithmic energy dependence of gauge couplings in AdS_5 emerges almost automatically when the theory is deconstructed on a coarse lattice. Here we study the theory away from the coarse-lattice limit. While we cannot analytically calculate individual KK masses for a fine lattice, we can calculate the product of all non-zero masses. This allows us to write down the gauge coupling at low energies for any lattice-spacing and curvature. As expected, the leading log behaviour is corrected by power-law contributions, suppressed by the curvature. We then turn to intermediate energies, and discuss the gauge coupling and the gauge boson profile in perturbation theory around the coarse-lattice limit.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure, typos in listing version of abstract correcte

Deconstruction and Gauge Theories in AdS_5

On a slice of AdS_5, despite having a dimensionful coupling, gauge theories can exhibit logarithmic dependence on scale. In this paper, we utilize deconstruction to analyze the scaling behavior of the theory, both above and below the AdS curvature scale, and shed light on position-dependent regularizations of the theory. We comment on applications to geometries other than AdS.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figur

School reform, school size, and student achievement

An estimation of the effect of school size on student achievement, with the results suggesting that market-based school reform could enhance student performance if the reform reduced school size.Education

Neonatal growth of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups in Alaska

The growth rate of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups was studied in southeast Alaska, the Gulf of Alaska, and the Aleutian Islands during the first six weeks after birth. The Steller sea lion population is currently stable in southeast Alaska but is declining in the Aleutian Islands and parts of the Gulf of Alaska. Male pups (22.6 kg [±2.21 SD]) were significantly heavier than female pups (19.6 kg [±1.80 SD]) at 1−5 days of age, but there were no significant differences among rookeries. Male and female pups grew (in mass, standard length, and axillary girth) at the same rate. Body mass and standard length increased at a faster rate for pups in the Aleutian Islands and the western Gulf of Alaska (0.45−0.48 kg/day and 0.47−0.53 cm/day, respectively) than in southeast Alaska (0.23 kg/day and 0.20 cm/day). Additionally, axillary girth increased at a faster rate for pups in the Aleutian Islands (0.59 cm/ day) than for pups in southeast Alaska v(0.25 cm/day). Our results indicate a greater maternal investment in male pups during gestation, but not during early lactation. Although differences in pup growth rate occurred among rookeries, there was no evidence that female sea lions and their pups were nutritionally stressed in the area of population declin

Self-Consistent Field Theory of Multiply-Branched Block Copolymer Melts

We present a numerical algorithm to evaluate the self-consistent field theory for melts composed of block copolymers with multiply-branched architecture. We present results for the case of branched copolymers with doubly-functional groups for multiple branching generations. We discuss the stability of the cubic phase of spherical micelles, the A15 phase, as a consequence of tendency of the AB interfaces to conform to the polyhedral environment of the Voronoi cell of the micelle lattice.Comment: 12 pages, 10 includes figure

Spatial Interference Cancelation for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Perfect CSI

Interference between nodes directly limits the capacity of mobile ad hoc networks. This paper focuses on spatial interference cancelation with perfect channel state information (CSI), and analyzes the corresponding network capacity. Specifically, by using multiple antennas, zero-forcing beamforming is applied at each receiver for canceling the strongest interferers. Given spatial interference cancelation, the network transmission capacity is analyzed in this paper, which is defined as the maximum transmitting node density under constraints on outage and the signal-to-interference-noise ratio. Assuming the Poisson distribution for the locations of network nodes and spatially i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channels, mathematical tools from stochastic geometry are applied for deriving scaling laws for transmission capacity. Specifically, for small target outage probability, transmission capacity is proved to increase following a power law, where the exponent is the inverse of the size of antenna array or larger depending on the pass loss exponent. As shown by simulations, spatial interference cancelation increases transmission capacity by an order of magnitude or more even if only one extra antenna is added to each node.Comment: 6 pages; submitted to IEEE Globecom 200