Efficacy of bipolar hemiarthroplasty in the elderly people: a study in a tertiary care centre

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are associated with severe displacement and comminution are very common among the elderly patients especially women. Hemiarthroplasty is a procedure, where the head of the femur is replaced with a prosthetic implant. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the bipolar hemiarthroplasty among the elderly patients with intra capsular fractures.Methods: Bipolar hemiarthroplasty with or without cement was performed on 77 patients above the age of 60 years with femoral neck fractures.Results: Out of the 77 patients, 79.2% were females and 20.8% were males. The mean age of all the patients was 68.4 years. Type IV was found to be most common among the elderly. The outcome of the surgery was excellent in more than 75% of the cases. Only one patient had a poor outcome. The most common complication of the surgery was limb shortening in 5.2% patients followed by superficial infections in 2.6%. Conclusions: Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for the unstable hip fractures in the elderly has good results with early mobilizations and minimal complications. This ultimately affects the general health of the patients and reduces morbidity and mortality

Treatment of open tibial shaft fractures using intra medullary interlocking

Background: It has been estimated that annual incidence of open fractures of long bones is 11.5 per 100 000 personswith 40% occurring in the lower limb and commonest site is the tibial diaphysis. This study was performed to evaluate clinical outcome of patients with open fracture of shaft of tibia.Methods: It was a hospital based observational prospective study was performed on a total of 30 study participants were enrolled and out of them 2 were lost to follow up. After discharge follow up was done every four weeks for clinical, radiological progress of bony union and soft tissue healing.Results: Majority of the study participants were in the age group of 31-40 years (37%). Males were the main study participant (63.3%). The process of healing took for about 13-16 weeks in 57.1% of the study participants were as in 18% of them it healed within 12 weeks. In 25% of the study participants the healing was completed in more than 16 weeks. Conclusions: It has been observed from the study that interlocked intramedullary nailing is a very effective and safe and technique for the management of open tibial fractures

Comparison of study of a dynamic condylar screw surgery and distal femoral locking compression plate technique in distal femoral fractures

Background: An extensive soft tissue damage, intra articular extension, severe comminution and injury to the quadriceps mechanism make the management of the distal fractures of the femur a significant challenge. The advent of techniques such as dynamic condylar screw surgery and distal femoral locking compression plate technique have improved the, management of these fractures compared to the conventional methods. We in the present study have attempted to compare the outcomes of Dynamic condylar screw surgery and distal femoral locking compression plate technique.Methods: 72 patients over the age of 20 years who sustained simple or compound factures of the lower 1/3rd of femur and admitted into our hospital were included into the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups, one group who underwent Dynamic condylar screw surgery and the other groups were managed by distal femoral locking compression plate technique.Results: The most common cause of fracture was road traffic accidents, involving both two wheelers as well as four wheelers (51.4%). 19.4% of the patients had a fall from height and 13.9% had a fall from standing height. The mean operative time in DCS was about 121 minutes in comparison to 118 minutes in the LCP. The average hospital stay and the no of RBCs used were comparable in both the cases. Although the mean number of days for full weight bearing as well as the average time of union of the fracture was marginally lower in LCP than in DCS, it was not significant. Conclusions: It is therefore observed that both condylar screw and the locking plate are very similar in their performance and satisfaction to the patients, although distal femoral locking plate is better in comminuted distal fracture compared to the dynamic condylar screw fracture management

A study to assess epidemiological, clinical profile and outcome of Monteggia fracture dislocation in adults: a retrospective study

Background: Among all the forearm fractures Monteggia fractures account for approximately 1-2%. Early recognition with anatomical reduction and stable internal fixation is most important in the management of Monteggia fractures. This study was performed to evaluate clinical profile and functional outcome of Monteggia fracture dislocation.Methods: This retrospective study was done on 381 forearm fractures, out of which 31 were Monteggia fracture dislocation. All adults patients who were >20 years were included in the study.Results: During the study period, of 381 cases 31 (8.1%) were having Monteggia fracture dislocation. Most of the study participants were males in (61.2%) compared to females (39%). The cause of the fracture in most of the cases was road traffic accidents accounted by 45%. In most of the cases, the outcome of the operation was excellent (61.3%). Conclusions: If the injury is properly classified and if stable anatomical reduction is achieved at the proper time then the results will always be excellent. In present study all the patients achieved excellent results after surgery

calcifying odontogenic cyst- a three - dimensional radiological evaluation by cone beam computed tomography

Calcifying odontogenic cysts is an odontogenic cyst that gives rise to painless swelling which expand and occasionally perforate bone. Most of them are between 2 to 4 cm in diameter. Approximately 75% occur in anterior canine-incisor region. The highest incidence of occurence is between 10 and 29 years. Radiographically they appear as well-circumscribed, unilocular cyst-like areas with scattered radioacities which range from mere flecks to large masses. The related tooth usually gets displaced. Radiopaque flecks occur in radiographic features of some lesions which undergo osteolysis during their development. The radiopaque flecks occur as a result of dystrophic calcifications in long standing chronic mature lesions. The location of such radiopaque flecks whether pericoronal or periapical is also crucial in narrowing the diagnosis. Radiopaque flecks in pericoronal region occurs in calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, whereas in calcifying odontogenic cyst , such radiopaque flecks appears small, discrete, pebble-like with a smooth outline in periapical region. Such pebbles of radiopaque specks were incidentally seen in cone beam computed tomography in a 20-year-old male evaluated radiographically in orthogonal planes in coronal, axial, sagittal slices and three-dimensional reconstructed view and treated by surgical enucleation was described here

Demonstration of Spatial Self Phase Modulation based photonic diode functionality in MoS2/h-BN medium

Spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) is the optical nonlinear process and is a result of spatially varying refractive index profile along the line of propagation in a medium. SSPM is proved to be a method to demonstrate different photonic functionalities. Transition metal dichalcogenides play a key role in 2D nanophononics due to their unique and fascinating properties. MoS2 is the widely studied layered TMDs among all other 2D materials. This paper demonstrates such photonic functionality using thermally induced nonlinear optical response SSPM method, of MoS2 nano bottles. Thermally induced nonlinear optical parameters have been estimated by utilizing the saturable absorption response of h- BN, the nonreciprocal light propagation has been achieved. The diode actions have also been demonstrated in liquid-solid and solid-solid devices with the help of passive elements

Techniques to Enhance the Quality of Service of Multi Hop Relay Networks

AbstractBroadband internet access through the user equipment has become the hot research topic. The shadowing and multipath issues restrict the high performance nature of 4G cells. In Multi hop Relay (MHR) networks, Relay Stations (RS) are introduced to improve coverage and capacity of the system. There exist some issues like path selection and RSs deployment, which severely affects the Quality of Service (QoS) of the system. In this paper, to improve the QoS of MHR networks, Load Aware Routing Metric (LARM) based path selection and a low complex Burst Profile (BP) based RS deployment schemes are discussed

SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY MAXIMIZATION IN MISO-OFDM SYSTEMS USING RATE ADAPTIVE BIT LOADING AND TRANSMIT ANTENNA SELECTION TECHNIQUES

A high spectral efficient system is expected to meet the growing demands of multimedia applications through a wireless medium. In this paper, a low complex high spectral efficient Reduced Multiple Input Single Output (R-MISO)-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed. The proposed system exploits the benefits of Rate Adaptive Bit Loading (RABL), Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) and Space Frequency Block Codes (SFBC) to get high spectral efficiency through a constrained available spectrum. The performance of the proposed system with different configurations of R-MISO is analyzed with the average Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) gain, Bit Error Rate (BER), outage probability, spectral efficiency and data rate. The performance of the proposed system has greatly enhanced by utilizing TAS and RABL techniques. The obtained simulation results validate this statement