OPEN INNOVATION PLATFORM FOR SMART AGRICULTURE

The paper presented the importance of innovation platforms and especially those intended for the agriculture domain. The structure and architecture of digital tools for an online platform such as "OPEN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM" or "OPEN INNOVATION 2.0" for trading the demand and supply of research-development-innovation in agriculture and related fields will be detailed. The concept of the innovation platform was used in the field of agriculture to allow research, learning and interactions between stakeholders and to jointly exploit opportunities and address solutions that lead to promoting innovation in agriculture, from idea to production and capitalization of good

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF ARIZONA AND BELLAROSA POTATO VARIETIES

The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the nightshade family. They are edible, rich in starch so they are used in human nutrition in various forms, serve as animal feed, but can also be used as a raw material in various industries (Toader and Roman, 2014). Originally from South America, more precisely from the Andes Mountains region, potatoes are the 4th largest source of food energy after corn, rice and wheat (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria_cartofului_%C3%AEn_imperiul_inca%C8%99). At maturity, the tubers have a dry matter composed of 70% starch, 2-4% cellulose, 2.5% pectins, 0.5-2% reducing carbohydrates and 0.5-1% sugars (Berindei, 1984). The objective was represented by the study of two potato varieties, namely Arizona (white potato) and Bellarosa (red potato) grown on two different plots analyzing both their productivity and profitability, both being two early varieties. The crops were studied during the entire vegetation period, also following the economic analysis and implicitly the profit of each variety. The first determination was related to planting density, respectively to the number of nests per hectare. All the technological works that were undertaken within the studied plots were noted, the vegetation phases from the moment of execution of each work with the help of the BBCH scale, the consumption of materials, time and fuel that each intervention involved. In the end, we also found out the costs of the works performed in order to be able to establish the profit obtained from the sale of each variety in order to be able to establish which of the two is more profitable. Prior to harvesting, two sets of samples representing 10 potato nests were extracted from the two plots in order to analyze the productivity of each variety. These determinations were performed under laboratory conditions and involved the following: number of tubers / nest, weight of tubers / nest (g), stem height (cm), largest tuber / nest (g), smallest tuber / nest (g), their diameter in section (cm)

A mathematical model for the accumulation of fatigue in bars subjected to lateral vibrations

The article presents a mathematical model for the phenomenon of fatigue accumulation in the slender bar subjected to lateral bending. The model is based on the Euler-Bernoulli type bar, a bi-linear elastic-plastic model and, for simulation of fatigue, a system of equations describing the decrease resistance parameters of the material: the ultimate strain and stress. In the article is exposes the bar response to two types of dynamic loads, as well as a fatigue test simulating process using the proposed model, which results in the Wöhler diagram of the material for the bending vibrations. The conclusions outline the outlook of the model as well as its shortcomings. The author expounds the advantages of the model, but the reader is also challenged to reflect on the opportunity of using mathematical models of great complexity

Intensity of soil erosion in Romania, predictions in time and space, European and indigenous perspectives

The subject of this article is the estimation of the water erosion given by different sources during the history of over one hundred years of observations. The differences between the estimates made at the near times, or at the appreciably different times, are viewed for the approximation, of the random behaviour of the factors involved in the water erosion process, but also for the changes (apparently in time) of the intensity of the factors involved. The so-called climatic changes, characterized mainly by apparently (at the scale of human life) nonperiodic changes of meteorological factors, produce effects including on the factors involved in water erosion, which are not in the category of meteorological parameters, such as soil erodibility, but also the geometric parameters of the slopes. By default, there are effects in vegetal cover and management parameters. From this point of view, the influencing factors of mathematical models for predicting water erosion should be recalculated or periodically reviewed

Soil moisture influence in the soil tillage operations

This article presents results obtained by the author in an attempt to introduce new parameters that influence the working process of agricultural soil working machines, in the classical formulas that mathematically model the tillage draft force. This article naturally introduces soil moisture. To introduce soil moisture into the calculation formulas of the tillage draft force, other physical parameters affected by soil moisture were used: density, cohesion, adhesion, etc. In this article, is explicitly describes, only the variation of soil density with its moisture. Considering some phenomena such as soil swelling or shrinkage, required the development of an adequate mathematical model of the expression of the density of soil-water mixture, concerning the concentration of water and the densities of dry soil and water. The final formulas obtained are tested to experimental results from the literature. Finally, the author sets out his opinion regarding the use of the results in design calculations and regarding the elevation to the rank of physical law of a mathematical model represented by a formula with a large number of parameters, which in turn are still dependent on many others parameters

Matematičko modeliranje i primena u akustičnim aplikacijama u poljoprivredi

The article presents a discussion and a comparison of modeling methods for acoustic sources, it compares performance models and presents possible applications. The mathematical models are presented and compared: the natural and theoretical model that is based on the theoretical and empirical model of acoustic wave equation of noise spatial variation. The models are compared in terms of sound intensity level (which is calculated by exact formulas from the wave function solution of the acoustic waves equation) and noise levels provided by the theoretical and empirical model. It is shown that in most cases, both are models whose results must be calibrated in order to give results matching reality. Finally we compare the field application of each of the two models.U radu je predstavljeno ispitivanje i poređenje metoda modeliranja za akustične izvore, poređene su performance modela i predstavljene moguće aplikacije. Predstavljeni i poređeni su sledeći matematički modeli: prirodni i teorijski model koji se zasniva na teorijskom i empirijskom modelu jednačine zvučnih talasa prostorne varijacije buke. Modeli su poređeni prema nivou intenziteta zvuka (koji je računat po egzaktnim formulama iz rešenja funkcije talasa jednačine zvučnih talasa) i nivoa buke dobijenih teorijskim i empirijskim modelom. Pokazano je da u najvećem broju slučajeva rezultati oba modela moraju da se kalibrišu da bi se dobili rezultati koji se slažu sa stvarnim vrednostima. Konačno, uporedili smo i poljske aplikacije oba modela

Strength analysis and modal analysis for the load-bearing structure of the equipment for opening and compartmentalizing watering furrows, using 1D

The paper proposes the analysis of the load-bearing structure of the equipment for opening and compartmentalizing watering furrows (EOCFW), using a 3D structural model, built with 1D finite element. Based on information from the experimental results of the EOCFW equipment, the load-bearing structure is supported and loaded. The results of the linear static analysis of the structure consist of the distributions of the relative displacement fields and the equivalent voltage in the structure. Also, the own frequencies of the structure and the deformed forms of the structure are obtained when it vibrates in its own ways with the lowest own frequencies. It shows how these results can be used. The field of relative displacements is used to assess the effects on the quality of the soil processing performed. The equivalent stress field is used to estimate the safety factor of the structure, by reference to the flow stress of the material from which the structure is built. The first four or five own frequencies are important for the prognosis of possible vibration regimes with resonance, their explanation and their amelioration. It emphasizes the ease with which the model can be modified to obtain improved or even optimized variants

Considerations on the importance of the main chemical properties of the soil in agrochemical studies

Information on soil nutrition level or soil pollution level can lead to the establishment of some recommendations or a strategic decision-making program for the reference area development. The specific soil analysis is essential both from an economic point of view and from an environmental point of view. To achieve an adequate management of the nutrients into an agricultural field, it is necessary to conduct an agrochemical study at an interval of 3–5 years, in which, the relevant agrochemical indicators for the evaluation of the nutrient supply state must be analysed, to determine fertilizer doses and/or recommended amendments for the expected crops. The agrochemical study must contain the analysis bulletin that provides the following information: pH value, humus and total nitrogen content, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content, C/N ratio (carbon / nitrogen), nitrogen index (NI), as well as the main microelements