Assessment of the respiratory actions of intramuscular morphine in conscious dogs

The actions on the respiratory system of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg -1 morphine given intramuscularly were studied in conscious dogs. Dogs breathed oxygen with 0, 2 and 4 per cent CO 2, in that order, through a mask attached to a flow sensor and connected to a respiratory mechanics monitor. When a steady state period of respiration was reached breathing pure oxygen, respiratory rate, tidal volume, respiratory minute volume, peak expiratory flow rate and end tidal CO 2 (PetCO 2) were measured. The respiratory minute volume and PetCO 2 were measured when the dogs breathed 2 and 4 per cent CO 2 in oxygen, the points plotted onto a graph and the gradient of the line, describing the PCO 2/ventilation response, plus the intercept with the y-axis were determined. Measurements for each morphine dose were taken before injection and at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 hours post injection. The incidence of panting after morphine was dose related and it occurred in all dogs given the high dose. Morphine reduced the gradients of the PCO 2/ventilation response lines and raised the intercept. Other changes were increased respiratory minute volume and peak expiratory flow and decreased PetCO 2 and tidal volume

ACVECC-Veterinary Committee on Trauma Registry Report 2013-2017

Objective To report summative data from the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) registry. Design Multi‐institutional veterinary trauma registry data report. Setting VetCOT identified veterinary trauma centers (VTCs). Animals Dogs and cats with evidence of trauma presented to VTCs with data entered in the VetCOT registry September 1, 2013–March 31, 2017. Interventions VetCOT created a standardized data collection methodology for dog and cat trauma. Data were input to a web‐based data capture system (REDCap)1 by data entry personnel trained in data software use and operational definitions of data variables. Data on demographics, trauma type (blunt vs penetrating), preadmission care, hospitalization and intensive care requirement, trauma severity assessment at presentation (eg, modified Glasgow coma scale and animal trauma triage score), key laboratory parameters, necessity for surgical intervention, and case outcome were collected. Summary descriptive data for each species are reported. Measurements and Main Results Twenty‐nine VTCs in North America, Europe, and Australia contributed information from 17,335 dog and 3,425 cat trauma cases during the 42‐month reporting period. A large majority of cases presented directly to the VTC after injury (80.4% dogs and 78.1% cats). Blunt trauma was the most common source for injury in cats (56.7%); penetrating trauma was the most common source for injury in dogs (52.3%). Note that 43.8% of dogs and 36.2% of cats were reported to have surgery performed. The proportion surviving to discharge was 92.0% (dogs) and 82.5% (cats). Conclusions The VetCOT registry proved to be a powerful resource for collection of a large dataset on trauma in dogs and cats seen at VTCs. While overall survival to discharge was quite high, further evaluation of data on subsets of injury types, patient assessment parameters, interventions, and associated outcome are warranted