The Comparison of the Effect of Origanum Vulgar Aqueous Extract and Vitamin C on the Control of Cadmium Chloride Damage in Testicular Tissue in Male Rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cadmium is one of the pollutants in ecosystems. This heavy metal as a toxin affects the reproductive system and causes the destruction of the spermatogenesis process. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Origanum vulgar aqueous extract and vitamin C on cadmium chloride damage in testicular tissue. METHODS: This experimental study was performed on 30 wistar male rat in four groups of six rats. The control received Cadmium 2 mg/kg of single dose intraperitoneal, T1 group received cadmium with vitamin C 250 mg/kg. T2, T3 and T4 groups received cadmium and aqueous extract of Marjoram at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively for 10 days intraperitoneal. At the end of the period, the animals were weighed. Serum antioxidant level and malondialdehyde in testis tissue were measured. In addition, after staining were counted calls in testicular tissue. FINDINGS: The highest concentration of MDA was observed in the control group at 1.4±0.018 and the lowest in the T4 at 93.03±0.30 μmol/ml. The lowest antioxidant capacity in control was 796.41±40.76 and the highest in T4 group was 1198.91±51.45 μmol/ml. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of MDA and TCA between T1 and T3 groups (p=0.076). However, the mean of testicular tissue cells (sertoli, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and laydic) in T3 was the highest and lowest mean in control group and the difference was significant (P=0.048). CONCLUSION: According to results of this study, Marjoram aqueous extract in controlling oxidative stress damage in the same dose 250 mg/kg has a better performance than vitamin C

The Different Doses of Aqueous Extract of Marjoram Effects on Spermatogenesis and Sperm Concentration in Cadmium-induced Oxidative Damage in Rats

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of aqueous extract of marjoram on spermatogenesis and sperm concentration in cadmium oxidative damage due to the antioxidant quality of extract. Methods: In the intervational- experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Control group, T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups. In the group of T1, 2mg/kg Chloride Cadmium was administered intraperitonialy; T2, T3 and T4 groups, in addition to the chloride cadmium the extract of marjoram at 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg intraperitoneal was administered, respectively, for 10 days. Then, on the last day, after blood collection and separation of serum, TCA was measured. Sperm numbers and percentage of sperm twisted tail were counted in the right epididymis. After measuring the right and left testicular weight and diameter, malondialdehyde and histological studies were examined. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA analysis and Tukey&rsquo;s test using SPSS 21. Results: The highest number and percentage of sperm membrane integrity was in the control group and in T4 (doses of 125 mg/kg of extract) and the lowest in the group receiving cadmium (T1) and this different was significant (P<0.05). The highest concentration of MDA was in the T1 group and the lowest in the group of the dose of 500 mg/kg (T2), respectively. The TCA concentration was the lowest in T1 and highest in T2. The most average sertoli, spermatogonia, spermatocets and Leydic cells was in the control group and the group of 250 mg/kg doses of extract, but the lowest was observed in T1. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of marjoram with an appropriate dose can have a positive effect on spermatogenesis and control testicular tissue oxidative stress by cadmiu

The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Pathological, and Behavioural Effects of Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) Extract on Brain Injury Caused by Nicotine in Male Rats

Nicotine is one of the most important compounds in cigarette which can cause changes in the concentration of neurotransmitters and damage to the nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Medicago Sativa L. (alfalfa) on controlling nicotine-induced brain damage and anxiety behaviour in rats. Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six equal groups and treated daily as follows: a control group, T1 and T2 groups where animals were subcutaneously injected 250 and 500 mg/kg alfalfa extract, respectively, T3 and T4 groups where animals were injected subcutaneously 0.2 mg/kg nicotine and 250 and 500 mg/kg alfalfa extract, and T5 group in which only nicotine at the dose of 0.2 mg/kg was injected. At the end of the period after weighing, the elevated plus-maze test was taken from the animals. Serum assay was conducted to measure TCA, IL-1, and TNFα, and half of the brain tissue was used to measure oxidative stress parameters (GPx, SOD, TAC, and MDA) and the other parts were used for histopathological studies. Body weight in the T5 group was significantly different from that of the other groups. The time and number of open arms reduced in the T5 group. The duration and number of times in the open arm significantly decreased in the treated groups in a dose-depended manner. Malondialdehyde concentration was the highest in the nicotine group and the lowest in T2. The concentration of GPx and SOD was significantly increased in the presence of alfalfa extract in nicotine groups. TNFα and IL-1 in the T5 group showed a significant increase compared to the other groups. Moreover, the number of neurons and the level of necrotic neurons and gliosis significantly decreased and increased in the nicotine group, respectively, while these histopathological damages improved by treatment with alfalfa extract in T3 and T4 groups. Alfalfa extract can have a significant dose-dependent therapeutic effect on inducing oxidative damage and inflammatory responses of nicotine in the brain and reducing anxiety behaviours