Inter-regional mobility of entrepreneurial SMEs

Expanding, entrepreneurial, enterprises move from high cost (congestion, wages and rent) locations where they innovated to low cost (smaller, less agglomerated) places suitable for standardised production. Net inter-regional relocations of British SMEs are predicted in part by this development pattern. SMEs that relocate are more productive, relatively larger and younger, as well as more probably initially located in London and the South East (core locations). These fast growing businesses become even more productive and employ even more workers after moving than regionally immobile SMEs. In this respect the UK regional core supports the periphery through a market process. Relocation is also a strategy for contracting enterprises, but not necessarily a helpful for smaller companies

Make time for physical activity or you may spend more time sick!

This work estimates the association between various types of physical activities and physical health, mental health and health service utilization. Specifically, we consider participation in housework, manual, walking, sports/exercise and total physical activities to a moderate level. We view this as an important contribution given that governments usually recommend a total level of activity that their citizens should achieve to be healthy, rather than a particular activity per se. Our results suggest that participation in any of these activities predicts a lower probability of poor health roughly to the same level. For mental health, our estimates highlight that those who participate in (and do more of) any activity have better mental health when compared to those who do not. The associations are higher for women. The associations are also higher for manual activities and sports/exercise when compared to other activities. The analysis also reveals some lower utilization of in-patient, out-patient visits and GP services among individuals who are moderately physically active