Інформаційні ресурси: нові підходи до визначення поняття

У статті окреслено нові підходи щодо визначення категорій «інформаційний ресурс», «інформаційний потенціал», їх класифікації та функцій. Зазначається, що інформаційні ресурси нині стають системотворчим фактором життєдіяльності суспільства.In the article, the author determines new approaches in defining the categories of «information resource», «information potential», their classification and functions. The information resources are considered to become the important system-forming factor of the activity of society

Новий формат співробітництва (Договір про співробітництво між Національною академією наук України і Національною академією наук Киргизької Республіки)

A one-pot method has been developed for the oxidative cleavage of internal alkenes into aldehydes by using 0.5 mol % of the nonheme iron complex [Fe(OTf)2(mix-bpbp)] (bpbp=N,N′-bis(2-picolyl)-2,2′-bipyrrolidine) as catalyst and 1.5 equivalents of hydrogen peroxide and 1 equivalent of sodium periodate as oxidants. A mixture of diastereomers of the chiral bpbp ligand can be used, thereby omitting the need for resolution of its optically active components. The cleavage reaction can be performed in one pot within 20 h and under ambient conditions. Addition of water after the epoxidation, acidification and subsequent pH neutralization are crucial to perform the epoxidation, hydrolysis, and subsequent diol cleavage in one pot. High aldehyde yields can be obtained for the cleavage of internal aliphatic double bonds with cis and trans configuration (86–98 %) and unsaturated fatty acids and esters (69–96 %). Good aldehyde yields are obtained in reactions of trisubstituted and terminal alkenes (62–63 %). The products can be easily isolated by a simple extraction step with an organic solvent. The presented protocol involves a lower catalyst loading than conventional methods based on Ru or Os. Also, hydrogen peroxide can be used as the oxidant in this case, which is often disproportionated by second- and third-row metals. By using only mild oxidants, overoxidation of the aldehyde to the carboxylic acid is prevented

Проблеми ісламу України в їх науковому відтворенні

The Pd/TOMPP-catalysed (TOMPP = tris(2-methoxyphenyl)phosphine) telomerisation of 1,3-butadiene was studied under solvent- and base-free conditions with phenolic substrates that can be potentially derived from lignin. Large differences in catalytic activity were observed, with reactivity increasing in the order of phenol, p-cresol, guaiacol, creosol and syringol. This reactivity trend can be attributed to the substrates’ relative nucleophilicities, as induced by the donating effects of the p-methyl and o-methoxy substituents. The chosen reaction conditions, i.e. temperature, ligand/metal and butadiene/substrate ratios, strongly influenced both the conversion and selectivity of the reaction. Remarkably, the composition of the reaction medium, i.e. the butadiene/substrate ratio, exerted a strong influence on the linear/branched ratio. High conversions and selectivities to the linear products are obtained when excess butadiene is used. The linear telomer products could be readily converted from O-alkylated to Calkylated phenolics via the thermal Claisen rearrangement. High conversions and selectivities were observed after 2 hours at 200 1C. Branched o-octadienyl phenols were obtained in all cases except for the syringol telomer which gave the linear p-octadienyl product exclusively

Розробка мобільної технології ремонту низьковуглецевих стальних труб низького та високого тиску методом пайки низькотемпературними припоями

Розроблено технологію безвогневого ремонту дефектів конструкцій з низьковуглецевих сталей шляхом пайки низькотемпературними припоями. Розроблено та заявлено новий склад легкоплавкого припою на базі олова з домішками міді та вісмуту. Припій оптимально поєднує властивості рідкоплинності, корозійної стійкості, міцності та адгезійної міцності. Технологію пайки сталей низькотемпературними припоями із застосуванням високочастотного генератора електричного струму доведено до стану практичного застосування.Разработана технология безогневого ремонта дефектов конструкций из низкоуглеродистых сталей путем пайки низкотемпературными припоями. Разработан и заявлен новый состав легкоплавкого припоя на базе олова, с добавками меди и висмута. Припой оптимально объединяет свойства жидкотекучести, коррозионной стой кости, прочности и адгезионной прочности. Технологию пайки сталей низкотемпературными припоями с применением высокочастотного генератора электрического тока доведено до состояния практического применения.The technology of out fire defects repair in low carbon steel constructions by soldering with low- temperature solders is developed. The new fusible tin rich solder composition containing copper and bismuth additives is developed and declared. The solder has optimum properties of liquid stream, corrosion resistance, durability and adhesion strength. The low carbon steel soldering technology with application of high-frequency electric current generator is carried to practical application

Компьютерная томография и магнитно-резонансная томография в диагностике опухолей средостения

Резюме. Проанализированы результаты обследования 95 больных с опухолями средостения (ОС) с использованием рентгенологических методов: компьютерной томографии (КТ), магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ). Приведена КТ- и МРТ-семиотика ОС, оценена информативность результатов каждого метода в зависимости от локализации опухоли. На основании полученных данных обоснованы показания к применению и последовательность использования неинвазивных лучевых методов в целях диагностики ОС. В частности, МРТ наиболее показана при локализации опухоли в заднем и передневерхнем отделах средостения, тогда как КТ целесообразнее проводить, если опухоль располагается в переднесреднем, передненижнем или среднем отделах средостения. Ключевые слова: опухоли средостения, рентгенологическое исследование, компьютерная томография, магнитно-резонансная томография, диагностическая эффективность.Summary. The paper reports findings of examination of 95 patients with mediastinum tumors (MS) using the following roentgenologic methods: computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance tomography (MRT). CR and MRT semeiology of MS is described and the informative value of each method is assessed in dependence on tumor’s localization. Based on these findings, indications for application of non-invasive radiation methods in examination of mediastinum tumors are developed as well as the sequence of their using. In particular, MRT is especially promising in tumors localized in posterior and antero-superior portions of the mediastinum, while CT is more appropriate in tumors localized in antero-medial, antero-lower or medial portions of the mediastinum. Key Words: mediastinum tumors, roentgenologic examination, computed tomography, magnetic resonance tomography, diagnostic efficiency

Supramolecular metallobiosite analogues: multi-metal assemblies derived from host-guest systems, amphiphiles, and dendrimers

Contains fulltext : 146511.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Promotores : R. Nolte en M. FeitersVII, 183 p

Catalytic Oxidation and Deoxygenation of Renewables with Rhenium Complexes

Transformation of renewables has received major research interest in recent years, opening up completely new research areas, in particular in the field of oxidation and deoxygenation. For the oxidation reaction, rhenium complexes, in particular methyltrioxorhenium, are well known for their potential as catalysts, but they are also potent catalysts for the deoxygenation reaction. The application of organometallic rhenium complexes in both the oxidation and deoxygenation reactions using a broad range of substrates derived from renewable resources, such as terpenes, oils, fats, lignin, and sugar alcohols, is reviewed in this chapte

Incorporation of an n-Butylsulfonate Functionality To Induce Aqueous Solubility on Ruthenium(II) η6-Arene Complexes

The reaction of the new building block sodium n-butyl sulfonate cyclohexadiene 3 with RuCl3·xH2O leads to the formation of different dimeric halide-bridged ruthenium complexes, depending on the reaction conditions. Isolation of pure dimeric complexes from these mixtures was not successful. Changing the cyclohexadiene preligand in the reaction to its neutral isobutyl-protected analogue 2 did allow for the synthesis and isolation of neutral halide-bridged dimeric complexes 5 (chloride bridged) and 6 (iodide bridged) in good to excellent yields. Upon deprotection of the isobutyl sulfonate groups in 6 using sodium iodide, the anionic, water-soluble dimeric complex 7 was obtained in near-quantitative yield. Complexes 6 and 7 are starting materials for the synthesis of water-soluble heteroleptic Ru arene complexes, as was demonstrated by the reaction of 6 with (S,S)-TsDPEN, followed by a reaction with NaI, to yield the mononuclear water-soluble Ru arene TsDPEN complex 8. In preliminary experiments 8 was found to be an effective catalyst in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of acetophenone to quantitatively provide (S)-phenylethanol in 94% e

Catalytic Oxidation and Deoxygenation of Renewables with Rhenium Complexes

Transformation of renewables has received major research interest in recent years, opening up completely new research areas, in particular in the field of oxidation and deoxygenation. For the oxidation reaction, rhenium complexes, in particular methyltrioxorhenium, are well known for their potential as catalysts, but they are also potent catalysts for the deoxygenation reaction. The application of organometallic rhenium complexes in both the oxidation and deoxygenation reactions using a broad range of substrates derived from renewable resources, such as terpenes, oils, fats, lignin, and sugar alcohols, is reviewed in this chapte