In vivo and in vitro31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of focal hepatic malignancies

In vivo31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was undertaken in 28 healthy adult individuals and 32 patients with hepatic malignancies of varying histology, using chemical shift imaging techniques. The mean peak area ratio (total range) of phosphomonoester (PME) to phosphodiester (PDE) in the health adult group was 0.23 (0.15–0.41). The mean (total range) PME/PDE ratio of the total patient group was 0.68 (0.15–2.38), which was significantly elevated (P < 0.001) compared to the mean of the healthy adult group. Liver biopsies, obtained at operation, were analysed using high-field in vitro MRS techniques in order to identify the contributions of aqueous-soluble metabolites to the multicomponent PME and PDE in vivo signals. Concentrations of phosphorylethanolamine (PE), phosphorylcholine (PC), glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE) and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) were measured. The in vitro spectrum of six samples of liver of normal histological appearance all showed a similar pattern of PE, PC, GPE and GPC. The in vitro spectrum of seven liver tumours of differing histology all showed an increase in PE and PC signals and a decrease in GPC and GPE signals. The in vitro results were compared with in vivo findings in five patients. The increase in PME/PDE observed in vivo represented, in part, an increase in PE and PC in the PME region and a decrease in GPE and GPC in the PDE region