Review Section : Nature/Nurture Revisited I

Biologically oriented approaches to the study of human conflict have thus far been limited largely to the study of aggression. A sample of the literature on this topic is reviewed, drawing upon four major approaches: comparative psychology, ethology (including some popularized accounts), evolutionary-based theories, and several areas of human physiology. More sophisticated relationships between so-called "innate" and "acquired" determinants of behavior are discussed, along with the proper relevance of animal behavior studies for human behavior. Unless contained in a comprehensive theory which includes social and psychological variables, biolog ically oriented theories (although often valid within their domain) offer at best severely limited and at worst highly misleading explanations of complex social conflicts. The review concludes with a list of several positive contributions of these biological approaches and suggests that social scientists must become more knowledgeable about them.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68270/2/10.1177_002200277401800206.pd

Phase I: energy conservation potential of Portland Cement particle size distribution control. Progress report, November 1978-January 1979

Progress is reported on the energy conservation potential of Portland cement particle size distribution control. Results of preliminary concrete tests, Series IIIa and Series IIIb, effects of particle size ranges on strength and drying shrinkage, are presented. Series IV, effects of mixing and curing temperature, tests compare the properties of several good particle size controlled cements with normally ground cements at low and high temperatures. The work on the effects of high alkali and high sulfate clinker cements (Series V) has begun

Phase I: energy conservation potential of portland cement particle size distribution control. Progress report, May-July 1978

Test results are presented which more precisely define the amounts of fine particles required to obtain both adequate paste flow and strength development in Portland cement. Controlled particle size ranges with maximum sizes of 45, 20, and 14 microns were used with various amounts (0 to 45%) of 8 to 1 micron added fines. Better strength development was obtained with a maximum particle size of 20 microns than with 45 or 14 microns at equal finenesses, (2,900 to 3,000 cm/sup 2//g), or with normally ground cement of higher fineness (3,655 cm/sup 2//g). The flow of pastes made with this 20 micron cement was not quite as good as that of the 45 micron or normally ground cements. The data indicate that increasing the maximum particle size to 30 microns may be advantageous, and that the amounts of added fines for optimum performance lies between about 10 and 25%. Materials are being prepared for the further tests with maximum particle sizes of 30 and 20 microns with 10 to 25% fines additions