319 research outputs found
World Mineral Production 2012-16
The latest edition of this annual publication from the British Geological Survey (BGS) is now available to download. This volume contains mineral production statistics for the five year period from 2012 to 2016, for more than 70 mineral commodities, by country worldwide. Additional tables containing European production of aggregates and cement are included as an Appendix.
It is the latest publication from the World Mineral Statistics dataset which began in 1913. The information contained in the dataset, and associated publications, is compiled from a wide range of sources: home and overseas government departments, national statistical offices, specialist commodity authorities, company reports, and a network of contacts throughout the world
Recommended from our members
Remote inspection system for hazardous sites
Long term storage of special nuclear materials poses a number of problems. One of these is a need to inspect the items being stored from time to time. Yet the environment is hostile to man, with significant radiation exposure resulting from prolonged presence in the storage facility. This paper describes research to provide a remote inspection capability, which could lead to eliminating the need for humans to enter a nuclear storage facility. While there are many ways in which an RI system might be created, this paper describes the development of a prototype remote inspection system, which utilizes virtual reality technology along with robotics. The purpose of this system is to allow the operator to establish a safe and realistic telepresence in a remote environment. In addition, it was desired that the user interface for the system be as intuitive to use as possible, thus eliminating the need for extensive training. The goal of this system is to provide a robotic platform with two cameras, which are capable of providing accurate and reliable stereographic images of the remote environment. One application for the system is that it might be driven down the corridors of a nuclear storage facility and utilized to inspect the drums inside, all without the need for physical human presence. Thus, it is not a true virtual reality system providing simulated graphics, but rather an augmented reality system, which performs remote inspection of an existing, real environment
World Mineral Production 2015-2019
The latest edition of this annual publication from the British Geological Survey (BGS). This volume contains mineral production statistics for the five year period from 2015 to 2019, for more than 70 mineral commodities, by country worldwide. Additional tables containing European production of aggregates and cement are included as an Appendix.
It is the latest publication from the World Mineral Statistics dataset which began in 1913. The information contained in the dataset, and associated publications, is compiled from a wide range of sources: home and overseas government departments, national statistical offices, specialist commodity authorities, company reports, and a network of contacts throughout the world.
The database compilers aim for integrity and accuracy in the data and, for quality control purposes, participate in international specialist groups, and maintain close links with other mineral statistics providers in Europe and North America. The data provides essential mineral intelligence for:
security of supply issues
economic analyses
environmental issues
sustainable development planning
regulation and policy issues
ommercial strategic plannin
World mineral production 2018-2022
Welcome to the latest edition of World Mineral Production which includes global mineral production data for 2022. It is a continuation of the dataset that began in 1913.
This publication is compiled from a comprehensive database, maintained by the British Geological Survey (BGS), through which we aim to provide a reliable and continuous set of data covering most of the minerals that enter international trade. In this volume we set out the production figures by country for more than 70 mineral commodities over the five-year period from 2018 to 2022. The objective of this series remains to present the latest production information obtained from official bodies in individual countries, although other sources are also used to ensure completeness and accuracy. The cooperation afforded to the BGS by numerous organisations is gratefully acknowledged
Electric charge quantization and the muon anomalous magnetic moment
We investigate some proposals to solve the electric charge quantization
puzzle, which simultaneously explain the recent measured deviation on the muon
anomalous magnetic moment. For this we assess extensions of the Electro-Weak
Standard Model spanning modifications on the scalar sector only. It is
interesting to verify that one can have modest extensions which easily account
for the solution for both problems.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figures, needs macro axodraw.st
Potential for critical raw material prospectivity in the UK
The UK Critical Minerals Strategy (BEIS, 2022) includes a commitment to “begin a nationalscale assessment of the critical minerals within the UK. By March 2023, we will collate
geoscientific data and identify target areas of potential”. This report provides that national-scale
assessment of the geological potential for critical raw materials in the UK. It represents the
published output of a study, jointly funded by the British Geological Survey and the Department
for Business and Trade, which reviewed available geoscientific data in order to identify areas of
potential geological prospectivity for critical raw materials in the UK.
Critical raw materials (CRMs) are those mineral commodities that are both economically
important and at risk of supply disruption. The commodities addressed in this report are those
identified as critical to the UK by the Critical Minerals Intelligence Centre (CMIC) (Lusty et al.,
2021). These CRMs are currently obtained from mining across the world, but at the time of
writing none are produced in the UK, although tungsten has been mined in recent years. Some
CRMs such as lithium, tin and graphite are typically the primary products of mines, whereas
others are produced as co- or by-products of major commodities such as gold, copper or zinc.
Current understanding of the UK’s mineral resource endowment rests largely on evidence from
historic mining and exploration, together with targeted academic research. The UK has an
extensive history of mining that dates to prehistoric times. Gold, barite, fluorite, gypsum, potash
and polyhalite are among the commodities that are currently mined, and exploration for many
raw materials is occurring across the whole of the UK.
The work presented in this report follows a methodology known as a mineral systems approach,
which relies on the concept that all mineral deposits of a certain type were formed by a
combination of particular geological processes (McCuaig et al., 2010). The processes that must
operate for a mineral deposit to form are identified and translated into mappable target criteria
derived from available datasets. Key datasets to be used would typically include geological
maps, geochemical soil and stream sediment maps, geophysical maps, and mineral occurrence
databases. The UK has full geological map coverage, but other datasets are incomplete, with
high-resolution geophysical data only being available for limited areas. New stream sediment
geochemistry maps were created as part of this work and are available on the CMIC interactive
map portal1
, but the whole country is not covered for all elements. These data limitations mean
that this report only provides a knowledge-driven assessment of geological potential for CRM
prospectivity across the UK. It provides maps for CRMs (grouped or singly as geologically
appropriate) indicating the areas where the geological criteria have been met and thus there is
potential for deposits of these CRMs to occur. It is important to note that the maps represent
areas of potential prospectivity, not where deposits of critical minerals are guaranteed to be
found, and also that mineral deposits could be found beyond the identified prospective areas,
where localised geological conditions are suitable. The areas identified in the maps can be
considered as targets for more detailed research and exploration. This report focuses solely on
the geological potential and does not consider other aspects such as environmental
designations and planning considerations that may affect the development of a mineral deposit.
Combining all the individual maps highlights areas that are prospective for several CRMs and
are thus priority for further geological investigations. From north to south, these areas include:
areas of prospective geology around Loch Maree near Gairloch; parts of the central Highlands
and Aberdeenshire; areas of prospective geology in mid-County Tyrone in Northern Ireland;
parts of Cumbria; parts of the North Pennine Orefield; areas in north-west Wales and
Pembrokeshire; and south-west England. These areas should now be the focus for collection of
new geological, geochemical and geophysical data, in order to identify new CRM prospects for
detailed investigation
Muon anomalous magnetic moment in the standard model with two Higgs doublets
The muon anomalous magnetic moment is investigated in the standard model with
two Higgs doublets (S2HDM) motivated from spontaneous CP violation. Thus all
the effective Yukawa couplings become complex. As a consequence of the non-zero
phase in the couplings, the one loop contribution from the neutral scalar
bosons could be positive and negative relying on the CP phases. The
interference between one and two loop diagrams can be constructive in a large
parameter space of CP-phases. This will result in a significant contribution to
muon anomalous magnetic moment even in the flavor conserving process with a
heavy neutral scalar boson ( 200 GeV) once the effective muon Yukawa
coupling is large (). In general, the one loop contributions
from lepton flavor changing scalar interactions become more important. In
particular, when all contributions are positive in a reasonable parameter space
of CP phases, the recently reported 2.6 sigma experiment vs. theory deviation
can be easily explained even for a heavy scalar boson with a relative small
Yukawa coupling in the S2HDM.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex file, 5 figures, published version Phys. Rev. D 54
(2001) 11501
Selective quantum evolution of a qubit state due to continuous measurement
We consider a two-level quantum system (qubit) which is continuously measured
by a detector. The information provided by the detector is taken into account
to describe the evolution during a particular realization of measurement
process. We discuss the Bayesian formalism for such ``selective'' evolution of
an individual qubit and apply it to several solid-state setups. In particular,
we show how to suppress the qubit decoherence using continuous measurement and
the feedback loop.Comment: 15 pages (including 9 figures
- …