526 research outputs found
A novel penalty-based reduced order modelling method for dynamic analysis of joint structures
This work proposes a new reduced order modelling method to improve the computational efficiency for the dynamic simulation of a jointed structures with localized contact friction non-linearities. We reformulate the traditional equation of motion for a joint structure by linearising the non-linear system on the contact interface and augmenting the linearised system by introducing an internal non-linear penalty variable. The internal variable is used to compensate the possible non-linear effects from the contact interface. Three types of reduced basis are selected for the Galerkin projection, namely, the vibration modes (VMs) of the linearised system, static modes (SMs) and also the trial vector derivatives (TVDs) vectors. Using these reduced basis, it would allow the size of the internal variable to change correspondingly with the number of active non-linear DOFs. The size of the new reduced order model therefore can be automatically updated depending on the contact condition during the simulations. This would reduce significantly the model size when most of the contact nodes are in a stuck condition, which is actually often the case when a jointed structure vibrates. A case study using a 2D joint beam model is carried out to demonstrate the concept of the proposed method. The initial results from this case study is then compared to the state of the art reduced order modeling
Feature Selection of Post-Graduation Income of College Students in the United States
This study investigated the most important attributes of the 6-year
post-graduation income of college graduates who used financial aid during their
time at college in the United States. The latest data released by the United
States Department of Education was used. Specifically, 1,429 cohorts of
graduates from three years (2001, 2003, and 2005) were included in the data
analysis. Three attribute selection methods, including filter methods, forward
selection, and Genetic Algorithm, were applied to the attribute selection from
30 relevant attributes. Five groups of machine learning algorithms were applied
to the dataset for classification using the best selected attribute subsets.
Based on our findings, we discuss the role of neighborhood professional degree
attainment, parental income, SAT scores, and family college education in
post-graduation incomes and the implications for social stratification.Comment: 14 pages, 6 tables, 3 figure
Patterns and risk of first and subsequent recurrences in women within ten years after primary invasive breast cancer
Background: Previous studies suggest a distinct pattern and a number of predictive factors for breast cancer recurrence. However, only few studies include data on recurrence site and no study provides data regarding second and third breast cancer recurrence after local and regional recurrence. The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence, timing and predictive factors of first and subsequent local (LR), regional (RR) or distant (DM) recurrence during the first 10 years after treatment for primary invasive breast cancer in women. Methods: Women with stage I-III invasive breast cancer diagnosed in 2003 and treated with curative intent were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (N = 9797). Median follow-up was 10 years. Multivariable cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the hazard of recurrence over time for site-specific first recurrence and for subsequent recurrences after LR or RR. Predictive factors were identified for first and for subsequent recurrences. All tests were two-sided and probability values of 2 cm, grade III and negative ER were predictive factors for first RR and tumour size >2 cm, grade II or III, increasing number of involved lymph nodes and negative progesterone-receptor (PR) status were predictive factors for first DM. After a LR 109/379 patients (28.7%) developed subsequent recurrence: 11 patients had another LR (2.9%), 13 patients had RR (3.4%) and 85 patients (22.4%) had DM. Median time to second recurrence was 1.1 year (IQR 0.3–2.5 year). Tumour size >2 cm, grade III, primary tumour histology (other vs invasive ductal), >3 positive lymph nodes and negative PR-status were predictive factors for a second recurrence after LR. After a first RR 79/156 patients (50.6%) developed subsequent recurrence: 8 patients had LR (5.1%), 3 patients had RR (1.9%) and 68 patients (43.6%) had DM. Median time to second recurrence was 1.1 year (IQR 0.5–2.1 year). In multivariable analysis, no predictive factor for a second recurrence after RR was identified. After previous LR or RR a third subsequent recurrence occurred in 18 patients (9.6%). Conclusions: The pattern of first recurrence was similar for LR, RR and DM. To improve personalized follow-up, predictive factors could be taken into account. However, this study showed no explicit predictive factor for site specific recurrence and subsequent recurrences after LR and RR. Future studies that take treatment characteristics into account are needed
Patterns and risk of first and subsequent recurrences in women within ten years after primary invasive breast cancer
Background: Previous studies suggest a distinct pattern and a number of predictive factors for breast cancer recurrence. However, only few studies include data on recurrence site and no study provides data regarding second and third breast cancer recurrence after local and regional recurrence. The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence, timing and predictive factors of first and subsequent local (LR), regional (RR) or distant (DM) recurrence during the first 10 years after treatment for primary invasive breast cancer in women. Methods: Women with stage I-III invasive breast cancer diagnosed in 2003 and treated with curative intent were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (N = 9797). Median follow-up was 10 years. Multivariable cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the hazard of recurrence over time for site-specific first recurrence and for subsequent recurrences after LR or RR. Predictive factors were identified for first and for subsequent recurrences. All tests were two-sided and probability values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In total 379 patients had LR, 156 patients had RR and 1412 patients had DM as first recurrence. The risk of first recurrence was highest around 2 years post-diagnosis (HR 0.040 95% CI 0.036–0.044) with a similar pattern for LR, RR and DM. Multivariable analysis showed that lower age and negative estrogen-receptor (ER) status were predictive factors for first LR. Tumour size >2 cm, grade III and negative ER were predictive factors for first RR and tumour size >2 cm, grade II or III, increasing number of involved lymph nodes and negative progesterone-receptor (PR) status were predictive factors for first DM. After a LR 109/379 patients (28.7%) developed subsequent recurrence: 11 patients had another LR (2.9%), 13 patients had RR (3.4%) and 85 patients (22.4%) had DM. Median time to second recurrence was 1.1 year (IQR 0.3–2.5 year). Tumour size >2 cm, grade III, primary tumour histology (other vs invasive ductal), >3 positive lymph nodes and negative PR-status were predictive factors for a second recurrence after LR. After a first RR 79/156 patients (50.6%) developed subsequent recurrence: 8 patients had LR (5.1%), 3 patients had RR (1.9%) and 68 patients (43.6%) had DM. Median time to second recurrence was 1.1 year (IQR 0.5–2.1 year). In multivariable analysis, no predictive factor for a second recurrence after RR was identified. After previous LR or RR a third subsequent recurrence occurred in 18 patients (9.6%). Conclusions: The pattern of first recurrence was similar for LR, RR and DM. To improve personalized follow-up, predictive factors could be taken into account. However, this study showed no explicit predictive factor for site specific recurrence and subsequent recurrences after LR and RR. Future studies that take treatment characteristics into account are needed
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