A collage of results on the divisibility and indivisibility of class numbers of quadratic fields

The investigation of the ideal class group $Cl_K$ of an algebraic number field $K$ is one of the key subjects of inquiry in algebraic number theory since it encodes a lot of arithmetic information about K. There is a considerable amount of research on many topics linked to quadratic field class groups notably intriguing aspect is the divisibility of the class numbers. This article discusses a few recent results on the divisibility of class numbers and the Izuka conjecture. We also discuss the quantitative aspect of the Izuka conjecture.Comment: Comments are welcome.11 page

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Adhesively Bonded Composite Patch Repair of an Inclined Center Cracked Aluminium Panel under Static and Fatigue Load

Composite patch repair is gaining importance in extending the fatigue life of an aging aircraft. An aircraft, during its service life, it is subjected to severe structural and aerodynamic loads which results from repeated landings and take off, fatigue, ground handling, bird strikes and environmental degradation such as stress corrosion. However due to limited budgets and escalated procurement costs in replacing the aircraft, aircrafts service life need to be extended beyond their design life. Hence, a reinforcement or repair of damaged aircraft is essential to improve its service life. Among various available repair techniques bonded composite repair is mostly preferred. There is lot of research carried out in the safety and life prediction of composite patch repair applied on straight center cracked panels under in plane tensile load. In field, always cracks that appear on structures are of mixed mode and therefore, it is necessary to study the behavior of composite patch repair applied to inclined center cracked panels under in plane tensile static and fatigue loads.In the present work, a three dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out to study and compare the performance of single and double sided patch bonded over an cracked aluminum panel (2014-T6) having an inclined crack at 45˚. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is the patch material chosen as part of this work. From FEA based study, it has been found that in case of single sided repair the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the unpatched surface tends to be higher than that of the unrepaired panel SIF. This is due to additional bending load arising due to shift in neutral axis after repair. Further, there are different parameters such as patch lay-up, patch thickness and patch shape and dimensions which affect the performance of the repaired panel. Out of them, patch shape plays a major role on SIF reduction. A detailed finite element based study has been carried out to arrive at the effective patch shape. Later, a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization technique is employed in conjunction with FEA to arrive at an optimum patch dimensions resulting in higher reduction in SIF near the crack-tip. Further, to predict the whole field strain over the patch surface and also the shear strain distribution over the thickness of adhesive layer, an experimental investigation has been carried out using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Lastly, three dimensional fatigue analysis using FEA has been conducted to study the crack growth in repaired and unrepaired panel. DIC is also effectively used to monitor the crack growth during the fatigue loading. The obtained experimental results have been compared with FEA estimates for their accuracy and they are in good coherence. It is found that the static strength and fatigue life of double sided repaired vii panel is higher than single sided repaired one. The utility of DIC as an accurate experimental technique for whole field strain prediction in repair applications is shown and turned out to be accurate when compared with FEA prediction thereby recommended for repair studies

THE AWARENESS ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL MARKETING IN RETAIL INDUSTRY- A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO ANDHRA PRADESH

The current study carries numerous aspects like recent trends, attitudes of buyers and how they participate in the digital marketing in retail sector. The researcher identifying the satisfaction of the consumers, perceptions and their problemstowards the digital marketing in retail stores. The researcher utilizes both the primary and secondary data for the research. The researcher uses books, magazines, newspapers, journals etc. as the second-hand data. And survey method is used as primary data for this research. Convenience sampling technique is used. The researcher analyzes the current study with the help of the percentages and mea

A Novel Method for Lip Movement Detection using Deep Neural Network

Recognition of Lip movements has become one of the most challenging tasks and has crucial applications in the contemporary scenario. It is the recognition of the speech uttered by individual using visual cues. Visual interpretation of lip movement is especially useful in scenarios like video surveillance, where auditory signals are either not available or too noisy for interpretation. It is also useful for hearing-impaired individuals where audio signal is of no use. Many developments have taken place in this nascent field using various deep learning-based techniques. This research does analysis over various state-of-the-art deep-learning models on MIRACL-VC1 dataset. This study also aims to find out the optimal baseline architecture suitable for building a new model with high accuracy for lip movement detection. The models are trained from scratch over the pre-processed MIRACL-VC1 dataset consisting of small-size images. Experimental observations with state-of-the-art deep learning models indicate that EfficientNet B0 architecture yielded an accuracy of 80.13%. Thus, EfficientNet B0 is further utilized as baseline deep architecture to design a customized model for effective detection. This research proposes an attention based deep learning model combined with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer having EfficientNet B0 as the backbone architecture. The proposed model yielded an accuracy of 91.13%

EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF OOSHAKADI LEKHANA BASTI IN HYPERLIPIDAEMIA - A SINGLE BLINDED RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY

Disorders of lipid metabolism and obesity are reported by 30% to 40% with increased prevalence. These conditions are co-related with Medo-pradoshajavikara - a condition leading for excess formation of Meda (lipids) directly from Amarasa Dhatu (improperly formed chyle) and travel all over body through blood circulation. This stage is compared to hyperlipidaemia where it is defined as excess circulation of lipids in blood. The present study highlights the efficacy of Ooshakadi Lekhana Basti (type of therapeutic enema) processed by Ooshakadigana Dravyas (alkaline substances). Ooshaka (alkaline sand) was special drug and used almost for first time which is synonymously known as Kshara Mrittika. A single blinded controlled study has been conducted on 45 patients randomized in to three groups each containing 15 patients. The control drug was atrovastin. Average mean reduction of lipids were found statistically significant (p<0.05) in the experimental groups over control group in all types of lipids except HDL which has presented increase pattern. Hence the study establishes the efficacy of Ooshakadi Lekhana Basti in hyperlipidaemia of obese and non-obese patients

Spectrin functions upstream of ankyrin in a spectrin cytoskeleton assembly pathway

Prevailing models place spectrin downstream of ankyrin in a pathway of assembly and function in polarized cells. We used a transgene rescue strategy in Drosophila melanogaster to test contributions of four specific functional sites in β spectrin to its assembly and function. (1) Removal of the pleckstrin homology domain blocked polarized spectrin assembly in midgut epithelial cells and was usually lethal. (2) A point mutation in the tetramer formation site, modeled after a hereditary elliptocytosis mutation in human erythrocyte spectrin, had no detectable effect on function. (3) Replacement of repetitive segments 4–11 of β spectrin with repeats 2–9 of α spectrin abolished function but did not prevent polarized assembly. (4) Removal of the putative ankyrin-binding site had an unexpectedly mild phenotype with no detectable effect on spectrin targeting to the plasma membrane. The results suggest an alternate pathway in which spectrin directs ankyrin assembly and in which some important functions of spectrin are independent of ankyrin

Cascade Network Model to Detect Cognitive Impairment using Clock Drawing Test

The Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) is commonly used to screen people for assessing cognitive impairment. Diagnoses are based on analyzing the specific features of clock drawing with pen and paper. The manual interpretations and understanding of the features are time-consuming, and test results highly depend on clinical experts' knowledge. Due to the impact of smart devices and advancements in deep learning algorithms, the necessity of a consistent and automatic screening system for cognitive impairment has amplified. This work proposed a simple, fast, low-cost, automated CDT screening technique. Initially, transferred deep convolution neural networks (ResNet152, EfficientNetB4, and DenseNet201) are used as feature extractors. The transfer learning technique makes it possible to experiment with existing models and build models much more quickly. Further, the extracted features are cascaded into a feature fusion layer to improve the quality of learning features, and the obtained feature vector become input for the classifier for classification. The performance of the model is experimentally evaluated and compared with the existing state-of-art models on a real dataset. Obtained results demonstrated that the Cascaded Network Model achieves high performance with an accuracy of 97.76%

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of the Plant Extracts of Mimosa pudica L. Against Selected Microbes

Mimosa pudica L. is a creeping annual or perennial herb. It has been identified as Lajjalu in Ayurveda and has been found to have antiasthmatic, aphrodisiac, analgesic and antidepressant. In the present study the active phytocomponents of Mimosa pudica were revealed using phytochemical analysis. The antimicrobial activity of Mimosa was studied using well diffusion method. The activity was tested against Aspergillus fumigatus, Citrobacter divergens and Klebsiella pneumonia at different concentrations of 50, 100 and 200μg/disc and the results have been illustrated

Mechanism of Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus in Groundnut by Species of Trichoderma

Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut by Aspergillus flavus is a serious problem affecting the quality and commercial value of groundnut kernels. Biological management of A. flavus infection at pre- and post-harvest levels by using species of Trichoderma is a promising approach. Trichoderma isolates from the fields of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka states of India were evaluated for their ability to control A. flavus (strain Af 11-4) in the laboratory. Out of 212 isolates of Trichoderma, 36 were potent antagonists and these were analyzed for the production of volatile and diffusible antibiotics. Twenty-one of the 36 isolates produced volatile antibiotics and 15 produced diffusible antibiotics. Biocontrol mechanism of their action was analyzed by estimating extracellular enzyme production viz, chitinase, protease and glucanase. Maximum chitinase activity was associated with the isolate T. viride (Tv 24), T. pseudokoningii (Tp 29) and T. harzianum (Th 42). T. harzianum showed a maximum protease activity while T. koningii (Tk 83) and T. longibrachiatum (Tl 102) produced glucanases in the presence of glucose

Student engagement in online learning during COVID-19

Online teaching and learning have become the novel norm amidst COVID-19 pandemic crisis across the world. The educational institutions across the world have switched to online mode of instruction to continue to provide education. Thus, research on effectiveness of online teaching and factors affecting the student’s engagement in a virtual classroom has gained importance. Students during pandemic are learning at home and lack motivation and confidence in their academic life. The present study aimed to analyse the student engagement and the factors that affect the student engagement in online learning environment. The study employed a quantitative research design to collect data from 600 students attending online classes in schools and colleges of Bangalore, India. The study found that there is a positive correlation between students’ intrinsic motivation and student engagement. Student engagement increases as the academic pressure or tension decreases. The core findings of the study showed that interest towards learning, perceived competence, and perceived choice of students determines student engagement in online classroom. Almost 33.7 % variance in student engagement is because of students’ intrinsic motivation. Future researchers may explore external factors affecting student engagement. Student engagement is significant for meaningful learning in online learning environment