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    Π”Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π»ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ†Π΅ ярСмной Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ опСрациях Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ сидя

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    Background. The pressure in brain sinuses (BSP) is used to monitor the effectiveness of various methods of prevention and treatment of venous air embolism (VAE) during surgeries in patients in the sitting position. A simpler and more approachable way is to measure the pressure in the superior bulb of the jugular vein (JBP), which accurately reflects the BSP. The dependence of the frequency and severity of VAE in JBP, however, has not been investigated, and the data on the effect of various methods of prevention and treatment of VAE on JBP are either insufficient or contradictory. The study was aimed to determine the dynamics of the JBP when bringing the patient to a sitting position, its relation with the severity of the VAE and to assess the effect of right atrium pressure (RAP), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and decreased minute pulmonary ventilation (MPV) on it.Material and methods. The prospective study included 66 people who underwent intracranial surgery in a sitting position. In addition to the standard monitoring under general anesthesia with artificial lung ventilation, the superior bulb of the jugular vein and the right atrium were catheterized, and the esophagus was intubated with transesophageal echocardiography sensor. JBP was measured in a supine and sitting position and examined in relationship to RAP. In patients with JBP<0 mm Hg, its dynamics was evaluated at PEEP<0 cm H20 and MPV with end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO2)=44 mm Hg, PEEP=15 cm H20 and MPV with etCO2=36 mm Hg. The Tuebingen scale (Tuebingen VAE) was used to determine the severity of VAE.Results. After bringing the patient to the sitting position the JBP significantly (W=2137.5; p<0.001) decreased by an average of 8 mm Hg, while in 11 (16.7%; 95% CI: 8.6-27, 8) cases it remained positive. No correlation was found between the RAP and JBP in the supine position (Z =-0.08225; p=0.9344) and in the sitting position (Z=1.2272, p=0.2198). The VAE frequency was 51% (95% CI 38.8-64). In patients with JBP <0 mm Hg, the frequency and severity of VAE was significantly higher than with JBPβ‰₯1 mm Hg (chi-square=4.37; df=1; p=0.036 and Z=2.47, p=0.015, respectively). Significant changes of JBP when PEEP 15 cm H2O and MPV with etCO2=36 mm Hg were not found (Z = -0.9784, p=0.3964 and Z=-1.3324, p=0.2305 respectively).Conclusion. 1. The negative JBP after bringing the patient to the sitting position is accompanied by an increase in the frequency and severity of VAE. 2. In patients in a sitting position, the correlation between RAP and JBP was not found. 3. Isolated PEEP and changes in ventilation do not lead to an increase in JBP.Β Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ контроля эффСктивности Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ лСчСния Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ эмболии (Π’Π’Π­) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ опСрациях Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ сидя ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ давлСния Π² синусах Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° (внутрисинусноС Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ - Π’Π‘Π”). Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ простым ΠΈ доступным способом являСтся ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ давлСния Π² Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π»ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ†Π΅ ярСмной Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹ (Π”Π›Π―Π’), ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ достаточно Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π’Π‘Π”. Π—Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ частоты ΠΈ выраТСнности Π’Π’Π­ ΠΎΡ‚ Π”Π›Π―Π’, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, Π½Π΅ исслСдована, Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎ влиянии Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ лСчСния Π’Π’Π­ носят Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ нСдостаточный, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€. ЦСль исслСдования состояла Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π”Π›Π―Π’ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сидя, Π΅Π³ΠΎ связи с Ρ‚ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π’Π’Π­ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ влияния Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ давлСния Π² ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΌ прСдсСрдии (Π”ΠŸΠŸ), ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ давлСния Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Π΄ΠΎΡ…Π° (ΠŸΠ”ΠšΠ’) ΠΈ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ вСнтиляции Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… (ΠœΠ’Π›).ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹.Β  Π’ проспСктивноС исслСдованиС Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ 66 Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ выполняли ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ сидя. Π’ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ стандартному ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ ΠΈΠΌ Π² условиях ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ анСстСзии с искусствСнной вСнтиляциСй Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΡŽΡŽ Π»ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ†Ρƒ ярСмной Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹, ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΅ прСдсСрдиС, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ для чрСспищСводной эхокардиографии. Π˜Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π”Π›Π―Π’ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ° ΠΈ сидя, ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ связь с Π”ΠŸΠŸ. Π£ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π”Π›Π―Π’, Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 0 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‚.ст., ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠŸΠ”ΠšΠ’=0 см Π²ΠΎΠ΄.ст. ΠΈ ΠœΠ’Π› с ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ-Π²Ρ‹Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ углСкислого Π³Π°Π·Π° (etCO2)=44 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‚.ст., ΠŸΠ”ΠšΠ’=15 см Π²ΠΎΠ΄.ст. ΠΈ ΠœΠ’Π› с etCO2=36 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‚.ст. Для опрСдСлСния тяТСсти Π’Π’Π­ использовали ΡˆΠΊΠ°Π»Ρƒ ВюбингСн (Tubingen VAE).Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ПослС привСдСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сидя Π”Π›Π―Π’ статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ (W=2137,5; p<0,001) сниТалось Π² срСднСм Π½Π° 8 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‚.ст., ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом Ρƒ 11 (16,7%; 95%Π”Π˜ 8,6-27,8) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ. ΠšΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ связи ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π”ΠŸΠŸ ΠΈ Π”Π›Π―Π’ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ° (Z=-0,08225; p=0,9344), Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ сидя (Z=1,2272, p=0,2198) выявлСно Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ. Частота Π’Π’Π­ составила 51% (95%Π”Π˜ 38,8-64). Π£ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π”Π›Π―Π’, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ 0 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‚.ст. ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ, частота ΠΈ Ρ‚ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π’Π’Π­ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ большС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π”Π›Π―Π’, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ большСго 1 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‚.ст. (Ρ…ΠΈ-ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄Ρ€Π°Ρ‚=4,37; df=1; p=0,036 ΠΈ Z=2,47, Ρ€=0,015 соотвСтствСнно). БтатистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π”Π›Π―Π’ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠŸΠ”ΠšΠ’ 15 см Π²ΠΎΠ΄.ст. ΠΈ ΠœΠ’Π› с etCO2=36 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‚.ст. Π½Π΅ выявлСно (Z=-0,9784, p=0,3964 ΠΈ Z=-1,3324, p=0,2305 соотвСтствСнно).Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. 1. Π€ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сидя ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π»ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ†Π΅ ярСмной Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹ сопровоТдаСтся ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ частоты ΠΈ тяТСсти Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ эмболии.2.Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β  Π£ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ сидя связь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΌ прСдсСрдии ΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π»ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ†Π΅ ярСмной Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π°.3.Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β  Π˜Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ давлСния Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Π΄ΠΎΡ…Π° ΠΈ измСнСния вСнтиляции Π½Π΅ приводят ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ давлСния Π² Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π»ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ†Π΅ ярСмной Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹

    ВлияниС Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ рСспираторной ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° частоту Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исхода Ρƒ взрослых ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с тяТСлой Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ коронавирусной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ

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    The objective: to evaluate the effect of high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation on the mortality rate in adults with severe respiratory failure caused by the new coronavirus infection in the intensive care unit (ICU).Subjects and methods. A one-center retrospective study was conducted. Electronic medical files of patients treated in the ICU from April 1 to MayΒ 25,Β 2020, were analyzed. Totally, 101 medical files were selected, further, they were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 49) included patients who received oxygen insufflation, and should it fail, they received traditional artificial ventilation. No non-invasive respiratory therapy was used in this group. Group 2 (n = 52) included patients who received high-flow oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. The mortality rate in the groups made a primary endpoint for assessing the impact of high-flow oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. The following parameters were also analyzed: drug therapy, the number of patients in whom non-invasive techniques were used taking into account the frequency of cases when these techniques failed, and the number of patients in whom artificial ventilation was initiated.Results. In Group 2, non-invasive methods of respiratory therapy were used in 31 (60%) cases. High-flow oxygen therapy was used in 19 (36%) ofΒ them; in 13 cases this method allowed weaning them from the high flow. Non-invasive ventilation was used in 18 cases, in 12 patients it was used due to progressing severe respiratory failure during humidified oxygen insufflation, in 6 patients – after the failed high-flow oxygen therapy. In Group 1, 25 (51%) patients were intubated and transferred to artificial ventilation, in Group 2, 10 (19.2%) underwent the same. The lethal outcome was registered in 23 (47%) cases in Group 1, and in 10 (19.2%) in Group 2 (p = 0.004). Analysis of drug therapy in the groups revealed the difference inΒ the prescription of pathogenetic therapy. Logistic regression demonstrated the effectiveness of the combination of tocilizumab + a glucocorticoid inΒ reducing the frequency of lethal cases (p = 0.001).Conclusion. The use of non-invasive respiratory support in adults with severe respiratory failure caused by the new coronavirus infection combined with therapy by tocilizumab + a glucocorticoid can reduce the incidence of lethal cases.ЦСль исслСдования: ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС высокопоточной оксигСнотСрапии ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ вСнтиляции Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π½Π° частоту Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исхода Ρƒ взрослых ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с тяТСлой Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ коронавирусной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ интСнсивной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ОРИВ).ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ рСтроспСктивноС исслСдованиС. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ элСктронныС мСдицинскиС ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π½Π° Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ОРИВ с 1 апрСля ΠΏΠΎ 25 мая 2020 Π³. ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π΅ количСство ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСдицинских ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ составляло 101, Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹. Π’ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ β„– 1 (n = 49) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡƒΡ„Ρ„Π»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ кислорода, Π° Π² случаС нСэффСктивности β€’ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΡΠΊΡƒΡΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ…. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π½Π΅ примСняли Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ рСспираторной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ β„– 2 (n = 52) составили ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… использовали Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ…. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ влияния высокопоточной оксигСнотСрапии ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ вСнтиляции Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… считали частоту Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исхода Π² исслСдуСмых Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ…. Анализировали Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ, количСство ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… примСняли Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ частоту ΠΈΡ… нСэффСктивного использования, число ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡƒΡΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ….Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. НСинвазивныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ рСспираторной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ β„– 2 ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² 31 (60%) случаС. Π’Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ примСняли Ρƒ 19 (36%) ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…; Π² 13 случаях использованиС Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ высокого ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ°. НСинвазивная вСнтиляция Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π² 18 случаях, Ρƒ 12 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π΅Π΅ использовали ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ нарастании ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ тяТСлой Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ нСдостаточности Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ инсуффляции ΡƒΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ кислорода, Ρƒ 6 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² β€’ послС нСэффСктивности высокопоточной оксигСнотСрапии. Π˜Π½Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…Π΅ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΡƒΡΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρƒ 25 (51%) ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ β„– 1, 10 (19,2%) ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ β„– 2. Π›Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ исход Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ β„– 1 зарСгистрирован Π² 23 (47%) случаях, Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ β„– 2 β€’ Π² 10 (19,2%) (p = 0,004). Анализ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² исслСдуСмых Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ патогСнСтичСской Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ЛогистичСская рСгрСссия продСмонстрировала ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π± + Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ Π² сниТСнии частоты Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исхода (p = 0,001).Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄. ИспользованиС Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ рСспираторной ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ Ρƒ взрослых ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с тяТСлой Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ коронавирусной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² сочСтании с Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π± + Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ позволяСт ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ частоту развития Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исхода

    Jugular Bulb Pressure in Surgery of Patients in Sitting Position

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    Background. The pressure in brain sinuses (BSP) is used to monitor the effectiveness of various methods of prevention and treatment of venous air embolism (VAE) during surgeries in patients in the sitting position. A simpler and more approachable way is to measure the pressure in the superior bulb of the jugular vein (JBP), which accurately reflects the BSP. The dependence of the frequency and severity of VAE in JBP, however, has not been investigated, and the data on the effect of various methods of prevention and treatment of VAE on JBP are either insufficient or contradictory. The study was aimed to determine the dynamics of the JBP when bringing the patient to a sitting position, its relation with the severity of the VAE and to assess the effect of right atrium pressure (RAP), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and decreased minute pulmonary ventilation (MPV) on it.Material and methods. The prospective study included 66 people who underwent intracranial surgery in a sitting position. In addition to the standard monitoring under general anesthesia with artificial lung ventilation, the superior bulb of the jugular vein and the right atrium were catheterized, and the esophagus was intubated with transesophageal echocardiography sensor. JBP was measured in a supine and sitting position and examined in relationship to RAP. In patients with JBP<0 mm Hg, its dynamics was evaluated at PEEP<0 cm H20 and MPV with end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO2)=44 mm Hg, PEEP=15 cm H20 and MPV with etCO2=36 mm Hg. The Tuebingen scale (Tuebingen VAE) was used to determine the severity of VAE.Results. After bringing the patient to the sitting position the JBP significantly (W=2137.5; p<0.001) decreased by an average of 8 mm Hg, while in 11 (16.7%; 95% CI: 8.6-27, 8) cases it remained positive. No correlation was found between the RAP and JBP in the supine position (Z =-0.08225; p=0.9344) and in the sitting position (Z=1.2272, p=0.2198). The VAE frequency was 51% (95% CI 38.8-64). In patients with JBP <0 mm Hg, the frequency and severity of VAE was significantly higher than with JBPβ‰₯1 mm Hg (chi-square=4.37; df=1; p=0.036 and Z=2.47, p=0.015, respectively). Significant changes of JBP when PEEP 15 cm H2O and MPV with etCO2=36 mm Hg were not found (Z = -0.9784, p=0.3964 and Z=-1.3324, p=0.2305 respectively).Conclusion. 1. The negative JBP after bringing the patient to the sitting position is accompanied by an increase in the frequency and severity of VAE. 2. In patients in a sitting position, the correlation between RAP and JBP was not found. 3. Isolated PEEP and changes in ventilation do not lead to an increase in JBP
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