Orbiting valence quarks and their influence on the structure functions of the nucleon

It is shown that intrinsic orbital motion of the valence quarks has large influences on the spin-dependent as well as the spin-averaged nucleon structure functions. Its connection with the observed ``very small contribution of quark spin to nucleon spin'' and the observed violation of Gottfried sum rule is discussed.Comment: 10 pages (LaTeX) including 3 figure

Criticality in quark-gluon systems far beyond thermal and chemical equilibrium

Experimental evidence and theoretical arguments for the existence of self-organized criticality in systems of gluons and quarks are presented. It is observed that the existing data for high-transverse-momentum jet-production exhibit striking regularities; and it is shown that, together with first-principle considerations, such regularities can be used, not only to probe the possible compositness of quarks, but also to obtain {\em direct evidence} for, or against, the existence of critical temperature and/or critical chemical potential in quark-gluon systems when hadrons are squeezed together.Comment: 13 pages, including 1 figure and 1 tabl

Formation of color-singlet gluon-clusters and inelastic diffractive scattering

This is the extensive follow-up report of a recent Letter in which the existence of self-organized criticality (SOC) in systems of interacting soft gluons is proposed, and its consequences for inelastic diffractive scattering processes are discussed. It is pointed out, that color-singlet gluon-clusters can be formed in hadrons as a consequence of SOC in systems of interacting soft gluons, and that the properties of such spatiotemporal complexities can be probed experimentally by examing inelastic diffractive scattering. Theoretical arguments and experimental evidences supporting the proposed picture are presented --- together with the result of a systematic analysis of the existing data for inelastic diffractive scattering processes performed at different incident energies, and/or by using different beam-particles. It is shown in particular that the size- and the lifetime-distributions of such gluon-clusters can be directly extracted from the data, and the obtained results exhibit universal power-law behaviors --- in accordance with the expected SOC-fingerprints. As further consequences of SOC in systems of interacting soft gluons, the $t$-dependence and the $(M_x^2/s)$-dependence of the double differential cross-sections for inelastic diffractive scattering off proton-target are discussed. Here $t$ stands for the four-momentum-transfer squared, $M_x$ for the missing mass, and $\sqrt{s}$ for the total c.m.s. energy. It is shown, that the space-time properties of the color-singlet gluon-clusters due to SOC, discussed above, lead to simple analytical formulae for $d^2\sigma/dt d(M_x^2/s)$ and for $d\sigma/dt$, and that the obtained results are in good agreement with the existing data. Further experiments are suggested.Comment: 67 pages, including 11 figure

The Influence of Mode-Mixity on Dynamic Failure Mode Transitions in Polycarbonate

The transition of a shear to opening type of failure mechanism has been reported for side impact experiments of notched or cracked plates (metallic alloys and Polycarbonate). The present paper addresses additional aspects of the phenomenon in relation to mode-mixity for actual fatigue cracks in Polycarbonate specimens. Two distinct experimental setups are used and systematically compared throughout the work: dominant mode II and dominant mode I loading. The experimental results show that the same characteristic failure mechanisms operate irrespective of the specimen geometry (loading mode) and crack-tip nature for a given impact velocity (evolution of the stress intensity factors).La transition des modes de rupture d'ouverture en cisaillement a été observée lors d'essais d'impact latéral de plaques entaillées ou fissurées (alliages métalliques et Polycarbonate). Cet article traite d'autres aspects de la transition en relation avec la mixité du chargement pour des fissures de fatigue dans du Polycarbonate. Nous utilisons et comparons systématiquement deux types d'expériences distinctes: chargement en mode 11 dominant ou en mode I dominant. Les résultats montrent que des mécanismes de ruine identiques opèrent dans les deux cas, en fonction de la vitesse d'impact (evolution des facteurs d'intensité des contraintes) indépendemment de la géometrié de l'éprouvette ou de la stature de la fissure