An approach on the implementation of full batch, online and mini-batch learning on a Mamdani based neuro-fuzzy system with center-of-sets defuzzification: Analysis and evaluation about its functionality, performance, and behavior.

Due to the rapid technological evolution and communications accessibility, data generated from different sources of information show an exponential growth behavior. That is, volume of data samples that need to be analyzed are getting larger, so the methods for its processing have to adapt to this condition, focusing mainly on ensuring the computation is efficient, especially when the analysis tools are based on computational intelligence techniques. As we know, if you do not have a good control of the handling of the volume of the data, some techniques that are based on learning iterative processes could represent an excessive load of computation and could take a prohibitive time in trying to find a solution that could not come close to desired. There are learning methods known as full batch, online and mini-batch, and they represent a good strategy to this problem since they are oriented to the processing of data according to the size or volume of available data samples that require analysis. In this first approach, synthetic datasets with a small and medium volume were used, since the main objective is to define its implementation and in experimentation phase through regression analysis obtain information that allows us to assess the performance and behavior of different learning methods under distinct conditions. To carry out this study, a Mamdani based neuro-fuzzy system with center-of-sets defuzzification with support of multiple inputs and outputs was designed and implemented that had the flexibility to use any of the three learning methods, which were implemented within the training process. Finally, results show that the learning method with best performances was Mini-Batch when compared to full batch and online learning methods. The results obtained by mini-batch learning method are as follows; mean correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] with 0.8268 and coefficient of determination [Formula: see text] with 0.7444, and is also the method with better control of the dispersion between the results obtained from the 30 experiments executed per each dataset processed

TMJ osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis and dentofacial morphology in Japanese females

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the principal adaptive center for determining the intermaxillary relationship in all three planes of space. The joint diseases, such as TMJ osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis (OA) might associate with dentofacial morphologic changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between TMJ OA and dentofacial morphology in Japanese females and compare findings to a normal control group. The subjects consisted of 24 Japanese females with TMJ OA (aged 22.5 ± 4.4 years) and a control group of 24 asymptomatic Japanese females (aged 23.6 ± 1.3 years). Linear and angular cephalometric measurements were noted to evaluate the skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationships of the two groups. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare the mean differences of each cephalometric measurement between the TMJ OA and the control group. The subjects with TMJ OA had a more significant posteriorly rotated mandible as well as a smaller mandible compared with the subjects in the control group. They also had more protrusive lower incisors, upper lips and lower lips. These results suggest that there might exist association between TMJ OA and dentofacial morphology in Japanese females. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd and the Japanese Orthodontic Society.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Relationship between head posture and dentofacial morphology in patients with TMJ osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis.

AIM: To test whether there is a relationship between head and cervical posture and dentofacial morphology in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis (OA). METHODS: The subjects consisted of 34 Japanese females with TMJ OA (aged 24.7 +/- 6.1 years). Six craniocervical angular measurements were constructed for head posture. Two angular and 6 linear measurements were constructed for the skeletal relationship, while 1 angular and 6 linear measurements were constructed for the dental relationship. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between head posture and dentofacial variables. RESULTS: In the skeletal relationship, increased craniocervical angulations were significantly associated with a more posterior position of the maxilla, a decreased Frankfort to mandibular plane angle, decreased mandibular length, and a decreased lower facial height. In the dental relationship, increased craniocervical angulations were significantly associated with more posterior positions of the anterior teeth to the basal bone and decreased alveolar height of the anterior-posterior teeth. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis was rejected. These results suggest that an association may exist between head and cervical posture and dentofacial morphology in patients with TMJ OA.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Relationship between the unilateral TMJ osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis, mandibular asymmetry and the EMG activity of the masticatory muscles: A retrospective study

The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between the unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis/ osteoarthrosis (OA), mandibular asymmetry and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masticatory muscles. Twenty-two Japanese women (aged 23·2 ± 5·4 years) and 10 Japanese men (aged 22·4 ± 2·8 years) exhibiting unilateral TMJ OA were included in this study. Two angular and seven linear measurements were obtained for the analysis of the skeletal hard tissues. The cephalometric measurement values (CV) were normalized using the CV ratio for the evaluation of the degree of mandibular asymmetry. The EMG was recorded during maximal voluntary clenching efforts for 10 s in the intercuspal position. The average values of integral EMG (iEMG) of three trials were normalized using the iEMG ratio for the evaluation of the functional balance of the masticatory muscles. The mandibular midline was shifted to the TMJ OA side with a median value of 9·85 mm. The CV ratio of the ramus height of the TMJ OA side was significantly smaller than that of the non-OA side. For the masseter muscle, the iEMG ratio of the TMJ OA side was significantly larger than that of the non-OA side (P < 0·05). These results suggest that unilateral TMJ OA is related to the dentofacial morphology, thus resulting in a mandibular midline shift to the affected side and it is associated with a masticatory muscle imbalance. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

TMJ osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis and immune system factors in a Japanese sample

Objective: To determine whether there is an association between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis (OA) and immune system factors in a Japanese sample. Materials and Methods: The records of 41 subjects (7 men, aged 22.0 ± 3.8 years; 34 women, aged 24.8 ± 6.3 years) and 41 pair-matched controls (7 men, aged 22.1 ± 2.3 years; 34 women, aged 24.8 ± 6.4 years) based on age and gender were reviewed. Information on medical history included local or systemic diseases, details on medication type and use, and the presence of allergies and asthma. Dental history questions referred to details regarding past oral injuries. The validity of the hypothesis, defining allergies and asthma as risk factors in OA, was tested by using a logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of allergy was significantly higher in the TMJ OA (P = .008), with a mean odds ratio of 4.125 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.446-11.769.Conclusion: These results suggest that allergy may be a risk factor in association with TMJ OA in this Japanese sample. © 2008 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.link_to_subscribed_fulltex