Eigenvalue density of Wilson loops in 2D SU(N) YM

In 1981 Durhuus and Olesen (DO) showed that at infinite N the eigenvalue density of a Wilson loop matrix W associated with a simple loop in two-dimensional Euclidean SU(N) Yang-Mills theory undergoes a phase transition at a critical size. The averages of det(z-W), 1/det(z-W), and det(1+uW)/(1-vW) at finite N lead to three different smoothed out expressions, all tending to the DO singular result at infinite N. These smooth extensions are obtained and compared to each other.Comment: 35 pages, 8 figure

Numerical determination of entanglement entropy for a sphere

We apply Srednicki's regularization to extract the logarithmic term in the entanglement entropy produced by tracing out a real, massless, scalar field inside a three dimensional sphere in 3+1 flat spacetime. We find numerically that the coefficient of the logarithm is -1/90 to 0.2 percent accuracy, in agreement with an existing analytical result

Rectangular Wilson Loops at Large N

This work is about pure Yang-Mills theory in four Euclidean dimensions with gauge group SU(N). We study rectangular smeared Wilson loops on the lattice at large N and relatively close to the large-N transition point in their eigenvalue density. We show that the string tension can be extracted from these loops but their dependence on shape differs from the asymptotic prediction of effective string theory.Comment: 47 pages, 21 figures, 8 table

Entanglement dynamics of three-qubit states in noisy channels

We study entanglement dynamics of the three-qubit system which is initially prepared in pure Greenberger-Horne- Zeilinger (GHZ) or W state and transmitted through one of the Pauli channels $\sigma_z, \, \sigma_x, \, \sigma_y$ or the depolarizing channel. With the help of the lower bound for three-qubit concurrence we show that the W state preserves more entanglement than the GHZ state in transmission through the Pauli channel $\sigma_z$. For the Pauli channels $\sigma_x, \, \sigma_y$ and the depolarizing channel, however, the entanglement of the GHZ state is more resistant against decoherence than the W-type entanglement. We also briefly discuss how the accuracy of the lower bound approximation depends on the rank of the density matrix under consideration.Comment: 2 figures, 32 reference

Three-qubit entangled embeddings of CPT and Dirac groups within E8 Weyl group

In quantum information context, the groups generated by Pauli spin matrices, and Dirac gamma matrices, are known as the single qubit Pauli group P, and two-qubit Pauli group P2, respectively. It has been found [M. Socolovsky, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 43, 1941 (2004)] that the CPT group of the Dirac equation is isomorphic to P. One introduces a two-qubit entangling orthogonal matrix S basically related to the CPT symmetry. With the aid of the two-qubit swap gate, the S matrix allows the generation of the three-qubit real Clifford group and, with the aid of the Toffoli gate, the Weyl group W(E8) is generated (M. Planat, Preprint 0904.3691). In this paper, one derives three-qubit entangling groups ? P and ? P2, isomorphic to the CPT group P and to the Dirac group P2, that are embedded into W(E8). One discovers a new class of pure theequbit quantum states with no-vanishing concurrence and three-tangle that we name CPT states. States of the GHZ and CPT families, and also chain-type states, encode the new representation of the Dirac group and its CPT subgroup.Comment: 12 page

Classification of qubit entanglement: SL(2,C) versus SU(2) invariance

The role of SU(2) invariants for the classification of multiparty entanglement is discussed and exemplified for the Kempe invariant I_5 of pure three-qubit states. It is found to being an independent invariant only in presence of both W-type entanglement and threetangle. In this case, constant I_5 admits for a wide range of both threetangle and concurrences. Furthermore, the present analysis indicates that an SL^3 orbit of states with equal tangles but continuously varying I_5 must exist. This means that I_5 provides no information on the entanglement in the system in addition to that contained in the tangles (concurrences and threetangle) themselves. Together with the numerical evidence that I_5 is an entanglement monotone this implies that SU(2) invariance or the monotone property are too weak requirements for the characterization and quantification of entanglement for systems of three qubits, and that SL(2,C) invariance is required. This conclusion can be extended to general multipartite systems (including higher local dimension) because the entanglement classes of three-qubit systems appear as subclasses.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, revtex

Random graph states, maximal flow and Fuss-Catalan distributions

For any graph consisting of $k$ vertices and $m$ edges we construct an ensemble of random pure quantum states which describe a system composed of $2m$ subsystems. Each edge of the graph represents a bi-partite, maximally entangled state. Each vertex represents a random unitary matrix generated according to the Haar measure, which describes the coupling between subsystems. Dividing all subsystems into two parts, one may study entanglement with respect to this partition. A general technique to derive an expression for the average entanglement entropy of random pure states associated to a given graph is presented. Our technique relies on Weingarten calculus and flow problems. We analyze statistical properties of spectra of such random density matrices and show for which cases they are described by the free Poissonian (Marchenko-Pastur) distribution. We derive a discrete family of generalized, Fuss-Catalan distributions and explicitly construct graphs which lead to ensembles of random states characterized by these novel distributions of eigenvalues.Comment: 37 pages, 24 figure