QUASI-CONTRACTS-ASSUMPSIT FOR USE AND OCCUPATION OF LAND

Defendant had a right of way over plaintiff\u27s land limited to the transportation of coal mined on that land. Plaintiff seeks to recover for use and occupation of his land by defendant when he exceeded his right by transporting coal mined on adjacent property. Held, the plaintiff is entitled to quasi-contractual recovery of the value of the benefit to defendant based on the prevailing rate of purchase of right of way for transportation of coal over another\u27s land. Raven Red Ash Coal Co., Inc. v. Ball, (Va. 1946) 39 S.E. (2d) 231

A taxonomic note concerning a dicynodont (Synapsida: Anomodontia) from the Middle Triassic of East Africa

Main articleThe complicated histories of the Indian dicynodont Rechnisaurus and the East African dicynodont Kannemeyeria cristarhynchus has led to the incorrect use of the name ‘cristarhynchus’ for the latter taxon. This paper therefore proposes a new species name and diagnosis.The National Research Foundation and University Research Committee of the University of the Witwatersran

LABOR LAW-INJUNCTION-UNITED STATES v. UNITED MINE WORKERS OF AMERICA

This comment was originally prepared as a discussion of the decision of the District Court for the District of Columbia. Since it seemed probable that the Supreme Court\u27s decision would be rendered before or shortly after the comment could be published in normal course, the editors decided to delay the printing of this issue of the Review so that a discussion of the Supreme Court opinions could be included. References to the opinions of the Supreme Court Justices appear in brackets.Ed.] Following a breakdown in the collective bargaining process in the spring of 1946 between the majority of the nation\u27s bituminous coal mine operators on the one hand and the United Mine Workers of America on the other, the President of the United States, acting under authority of the War Labor Disputes Act, ordered the Secretary of the Interior to take possession of the mines where operation was interrupted or threatened with interruption. Pursuant to the order, on May 22, 1946 the United States, through the Secretary of the Interior, took possession of most of the bituminous coal mines of the nation. Subsequently, a contract, embodying changes in wages and other terms and conditions of employment, was executed by the Secretary of the Interior, Julius A. Krug, for the government and by the president of the United Mine Workers, John L. Lewis, for the union. After approximately five months of operation under this contract, Lewis demanded renegotiation, relying on a construction of the contract which Krug insisted was erroneous. After a series of conferences, which began on November 1, 1946, the union and the government had not agreed on the construction of the contract or on any change in the terms of employment. On November 15, 1946, Lewis issued a unilateral notice of termination of the contract, effective November 20, in accordance with the construction of the contract for which he contended

An Acheulean handaxe from Gladysvale Cave site, Gauteng, South Africa.

WE DESCRIBE A SINGLE HANDAXE FROM fossiliferous breccias at Gladysvale Cave, South Africa. The artefact is the only known tool so far discovered during the controlled excavations conducted at this site over the last decade, and was recovered from decalcified sediments near the stratigraphic interface of two breccia units, making it difficult to assign it with confidence to either. The morphology of the handaxe indicates a middle-late Acheulean industry, and preliminary electron spin resonance and palaeomagnetic dating suggest an age of greater than 780 000 years.NCS2016http://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC9652

Comparison of dimethyl sulfoxide treated highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) electrodes for use in indium tin oxide-free organic electronic photovoltaic devices

Indium tin oxide (ITO)-free organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices were fabricated using highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the transparent conductive electrode (TCE). The intrinsic conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS films was improved by two different dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatments – (i) DMSO was added directly to the PEDOT:PSS solution (PEDOT:PSSADD) and (ii) a pre-formed PEDOT:PSS film was immersed in DMSO (PEDOT:PSSIMM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) studies showed a large amount of PSS was removed from the PEDOT:PSSIMM electrode surface. OPV devices based on a poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk hetrojunction showed that the PEDOT:PSSIMM electrode out-performed the PEDOT:PSSADD electrode, primarily due to an increase in short circuit current density from 6.62 mA cm−2 to 7.15 mA cm−2. The results highlight the importance of optimising the treatment of PEDOT:PSS electrodes and demonstrate their potential as an alternative TCE for rapid processing and low-cost OPV and other organic electronic devices

Systematic scoping review of frameworks used to develop rehabilitation interventions for older adults

Objectives: Rehabilitation interventions for older adults are complex as they involve a number of interacting components, have multiple outcomes of interest and are influenced by a number of contextual factors. The importance of rigorous intervention development prior to formal evaluation has been acknowledged and a number of frameworks have been developed. This review explored which frameworks have been used to guide the development of rehabilitation interventions for older adults.Design: Systematic scoping review.Setting: Studies were not limited for inclusion based on setting.Participants: Studies were included that featured older adults (>65 years of age).Interventions: Studies were included that reported the development of a rehabilitation intervention.Primary and secondary outcome measures: Data was extracted on study population, setting, type of intervention developed and frameworks used. The primary outcome of interest was the type of intervention development framework.Results: Thirty-five studies were included. There was a range of underlying medical conditions including mild cognitive impairment and dementia (n=5), cardiac (n=4), stroke (n=3), falls (n=3), hip fracture (n=2), diabetes (n=2), breast cancer (n=1), Parkinson’s disease (n=1), depression (n=1), chronic health problems (n=1), osteoarthritis (n=1), leg ulcer (n=1), neck pain (n=1) and foot problems (n=1). The intervention types being developed included multicomponent, support-based, cognitive, physical activities, nursing-led, falls prevention and occupational therapy-led. Twelve studies (34%) did not report using a framework. Five frameworks were reported with the Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions being the most frequently cited(77%, n=17).Conclusion: At present the MRC Framework is the most popular for developing rehabilitation interventions for older adults. Many studies do not report using a framework. Further, specific guidance to assist this complex field of rehabilitation research is required

Measuring physical activity levels in people with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia

Measuring physical activity (PA) in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia can be difficult. The aim was to investigate the validity and acceptability of three different PA measurement methods.The mixed-method analysis included 49 participants with MCI or dementia who completed a daily calendar recording PA, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire and wore a Misfit Shine accelerometer. The quantitative analysis showed equal completion rates for the IPAQ questionnaire and the accelerometer but a lower completion rate for the calendar. Correlations between outcome measures were moderate or strong. The qualitative analysis indicated that all measures were acceptable, though help to complete the calendars or fasten the accelerometers was required for some participants. The study supported the validity of these methods for people with MCI and mild dementia. Using accelerometers and completing calendars might increase motivation to be active for some people

Buffer gas cooling and trapping of atoms with small magnetic moments

Buffer gas cooling was extended to trap atoms with small magnetic moment (mu). For mu greater than or equal to 3mu_B, 1e12 atoms were buffer gas cooled, trapped, and thermally isolated in ultra high vacuum with roughly unit efficiency. For mu < 3mu_B, the fraction of atoms remaining after full thermal isolation was limited by two processes: wind from the rapid removal of the buffer gas and desorbing helium films. In our current apparatus we trap atoms with mu greater than or equal to 1.1mu_B, and thermally isolate atoms with mu greater than or equal to 2mu_B. Extrapolation of our results combined with simulations of the loss processes indicate that it is possible to trap and evaporatively cool mu = 1mu_B atoms using buffer gas cooling.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Palaeontology and geological context of a Middle Pleistocene faunal assemblage from the Gladysvale Cave, South Africa

Palaeontological and geological research at the Gladysvale Cave during the last decade has concentrated on de-roofed deposits located outside the Main Chamber. This area has been termed the Gladysvale External Deposit (GVED) and consists of fossil-rich calcified and decalcified sediments. Here we report on the recent analysis of both the faunal material and the geological context of this deposit. The faunal assemblage, excavated from the decalcified sediments contains 29 mammal species including taxa rare or absent in the Witwatersrand Plio-Pleistocene fossil record (e.g. Pelorovis and Kobus leche). Carnivores and porcupines are identified as accumulating agents of the bones. No new hominin findings can be reported from this deposit, and no cultural remains have been recovered. Geologically the calcified and decalcified breccias represent part of a large talus cone that is relatively unexposed. Uniquely for a cave fill in the Witwatersrand hominin-bearing sites, the sediments are horizontally stratified and form a number of flowstone bound sequences. The dating of the in situ cemented sediments is based on electron spin resonance (ESR) and palaeomagnetism. Recent results indicate that the deposits are of Middle-Pleistocene age.Palaeo-Anthropology Scientific Trust; French Embassy in South Africa; Co-operation and Cultural Service; National Geographic Society; John Nash and family; DACEL; University of the Witwatersrand Research Office and School of Geosciences; World Heritage Site Committee; SAHRA; Swiss National Science Foundation; NSF Grants ILl 9151111 and SBR 989628