The KASCADE Collaboration

KASCADE (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector) is a multi-detector setup to observe the electromagnetic, muonic and hadronic air shower components simultaneously in the energy region around the “knee ” of the primary spectrum. Its main aim is to determine energy spectrum and composition of hadrons in primary cosmic rays. This is attempted by registring a large number of observables for each EAS including measurements of electrons, muons and hadrons. This contribution gives a short description of the experiment and then presents some results on the lateral distributions of various particle types and on the spectrum of hadrons. The status of our analyses to determine mass composition is presented in an accompanying contribution by A. Haungs. 1

Muon production heights determined in the KASCADE experiment PROCEEDiNGS SUPPLEMENTS

Muon production heights in EAS provide a specific tool to investigate the longitudinal development of EAS, since muons are little affected by subsequent interactions in the atmosphere. Multiplicity of muons presents also a unique tool to investigate hadronic interaction models. The capability of the Muon Tracking Detector to measure radial and tangential angles of muon tracks in EAS, in combination with the shower direction determined by the Array of the KASCADE experiment, has been investigated. Due to different characteristics in shower development of light and heavy primary cosmic ray particles the radial angle and therefore the related production height is sensitive to the mass of them. Muon production height (MPH) and muon production depth (MPD) were studied in different bins of the muon shower size for measured data and MC simulations, which have been performed using the Monte Carlo program CORSIKA with the hadronic interaction models QGSJet and NEXUS. First composition studies on the basis of MPD distributions have been carried out. 1. The Muon Tracking Detector 2. Radial and tangential angles The Muon Tracking Detector (MTD) (Fig. 1) [I] is located within the KASCADE experiment [2] in a tunnel beneath a shielding of 18 r.l., giv

Status of the KASCADE-Grande experiment SUPPLEMENTS www.clsevier.com/locatc/npc

The status and capabilities of the KASCADEGrande extensive air shower experiment are presented. The installation is located at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and comprises a large collecting area (0.5 km2) electro-magnetic array (Grande) operated jointly with the existing KASCADE detectors. KASCADEGrande will cover the primary energy range 1016 eV < EO < 10 ” eV overlapping with KASCADE around lOI eV, thus providing continuous information on the primary energy and mass of cosmic rays from 3 * lOI eV up to 10 ” eV. The major goal of the measurements is the unambiguous observation of the“iron knee ” expected in the cosmic ray spectrum at ELe z 1017 eV. 1

www.elsevier.tiocate/npe Towards the Energy Spectrum and Composition of Primary Cosmic Rays in the Knee Region: Methods and Results at KASCADE

KASCADE (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector) is a multi-detector setup to observe the electro-magnetic, muonic and hadronic air shower components simultaneously at primary energies in the region of the “knee”. A large number of observables per single shower are registered. The main aims of the experiment are the determination of the primary energy spectrum around the “knee ” and the energy variation of the chemical composition. The measurements reveal an increasing mean mass of the primary cosmic rays above the observed kink, and a sharper knee for the light primary component than for the all-particle spectrum, and the absence of a knee for the heavy component between 1 and 10 PeV. 1