Transition temperature of a dilute homogeneous imperfect Bose gas

The leading-order effect of interactions on a homogeneous Bose gas is theoretically predicted to shift the critical temperature by an amount \Delta\Tc = # a_{scatt} n^{1/3} T_0 from the ideal gas result T_0, where a_{scatt} is the scattering length and n is the density. There have been several different theoretical estimates for the numerical coefficient #. We claim to settle the issue by measuring the numerical coefficient in a lattice simulation of O(2) phi^4 field theory in three dimensions---an effective theory which, as observed previously in the literature, can be systematically matched to the dilute Bose gas problem to reproduce non-universal quantities such as the critical temperature. We find # = 1.32 +- 0.02.Comment: 4 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett; minor changes due to improvement of analysis in the longer companion pape

Transition from pediatric to adult renal services: a consensus statement by the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA)

The transfer of young patients from pediatric to adult renal care takes place after a transition process which involves both sides. It is important that it is individualized for each young person, focusing on self-management skills as well as assessing support structures. The consensus statement has been developed by the panel of adult and pediatric nephrologists and endorsed by the councils of both ISN and IPNA. It is hoped that the statement will provide a basis for the development of locally appropriate recommendations for clinical practice

Direct Observations of the Ionizing Star in the UC HII Region G29.96-0.02: A Strong Constraint on the Stellar Birth Line for Massive Stars

We have observed the ultracompact HII region G29.96-0.02 in the near infrared J, H, and K bands and in the Br-gamma line. By comparison with radio observations, we determine that the extinction to the nebula is AK = 2.14 with a 3 sigma uncertainty of 0.25. We identify the ionizing star and determine its intrinsic K magnitude. The star does not have an infrared excess and so appears to be no longer accreting. The K magnitude and the bolometric luminosity allow us to place limits on the location of the ionizing star in the HR diagram. The 3 sigma upper limit on the effective temperature of the ionizing star is 42500 K. We favor a luminosity appropriate for star with a mass in excess of about 60 solar masses. The limit on the temperature and luminosity exclude stars on the ZAMS and stars within 10^6 yr of the ZAMS. Since the age of the UC HII region is estimated to be only about 10^5 yr, we suggest that this is direct evidence that the stellar birth line for massive stars at twice solar metallicity must be significantly redder than the ZAMS.Comment: 42 pages; LaTex; 11 Postscript figures; accepted for publication in Ap

Correlation between Compact Radio Quasars and Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Some proposals to account for the highest energy cosmic rays predict that they should point to their sources. We study the five highest energy events (E>10^20 eV) and find they are all aligned with compact, radio-loud quasars. The probability that these alignments are coincidental is 0.005, given the accuracy of the position measurements and the rarity of such sources. The source quasars have redshifts between 0.3 and 2.2. If the correlation pointed out here is confirmed by further data, the primary must be a new hadron or one produced by a novel mechanism.Comment: 8 pages, 3 tables, revtex. with some versions of latex it's necessary to break out the tables and latex them separately using article.sty rather than revtex.st

Identification of target-specific bioisosteric fragments from ligand-protein crystallographic data

Bioisosteres are functional groups or atoms that are structurally different but that can form similar intermolecular interactions. Potential bioisosteres were identified here from analysing the X-ray crystallographic structures for sets of different ligands complexed with a fixed protein. The protein was used to align the ligands with each other, and then pairs of ligands compared to identify substructural features with high volume overlap that occurred in approximately the same region of geometric space. The resulting pairs of substructural features can suggest potential bioisosteric replacements for use in lead-optimisation studies. Experiments with 12 sets of ligand-protein complexes from the Protein Data Bank demonstrate the effectiveness of the procedure

Initial State Interactions for K−K^--Proton Radiative Capture

The effects of the initial state interactions on the $K^--p$ radiative capture branching ratios are examined and found to be quite sizable. A general coupled-channel formalism for both strong and electromagnetic channels using a particle basis is presented, and applied to all the low energy $K^--p$ data with the exception of the {\it 1s} atomic level shift. Satisfactory fits are obtained using vertex coupling constants for the electromagnetic channels that are close to their expected SU(3) values.Comment: 16 pages, uses revte

Colour reconnection in e+e- -> W+W- at sqrt(s) = 189 - 209 GeV

The effects of the final state interaction phenomenon known as colour reconnection are investigated at centre-of-mass energies in the range sqrt(s) ~ 189-209 GeV using the OPAL detector at LEP. Colour reconnection is expected to affect observables based on charged particles in hadronic decays of W+W-. Measurements of inclusive charged particle multiplicities, and of their angular distribution with respect to the four jet axes of the events, are used to test models of colour reconnection. The data are found to exclude extreme scenarios of the Sjostrand-Khoze Type I (SK-I) model and are compatible with other models, both with and without colour reconnection effects. In the context of the SK-I model, the best agreement with data is obtained for a reconnection probability of 37%. Assuming no colour reconnection, the charged particle multiplicity in hadronically decaying W bosons is measured to be (nqqch) = 19.38+-0.05(stat.)+-0.08 (syst.).Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, Submitted to Euro. Phys. J.

Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson with the OPAL Detector at LEP

This paper summarises the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in e+e- collisions at centre-of-mass energies up to 209 GeV performed by the OPAL Collaboration at LEP. The consistency of the data with the background hypothesis and various Higgs boson mass hypotheses is examined. No indication of a signal is found in the data and a lower bound of 112.7GeV/C^2 is obtained on the mass of the Standard Model Higgs boson at the 95% CL.Comment: 51 pages, 21 figure