Evaluation of haptoglobin genotype and some risk factors of cancer in patients with early stage esophageal cancer

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal gastrointestinal cancers that has a complex and diverse etiology, with several genetic and nutritional factors involved in its etiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of haptoglobin genotype and its relationship with some nutritional and biochemical risk factors affecting the prevalence of esophageal cancer in patients with early stage esophageal cancer. Materials and methods: In this study, 44 patients (20 males and 24 females) with early stage esophageal cancer and 44 healthy subjects, classified as control group, (19 males and 25 females) were selected. Haptoglobin (HP) genotype was determined employing PCR technique. Nutritional data were analyzed using standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate and nitrite were measured employing the colorimetric method. Serum levels of p53 protein were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: The results of our study showed for the first time that HP1-1 genotype was the most prevalent genotype in esophageal cancer patients in Golestan province, Iran. HP2-2 genotype was the most frequent in the control group. Serum levels of MDA were significantly higher in the patients' group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower in the patients' group than the control group (P < 0.01). Food frequency analysis revealed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables in the patients' group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed for the first time that HP1-1 genotype is the dominant genotype in patients with esophageal cancer in Golestan province. As well, modification of nutritional pattern and consumption of high level of antioxidant compounds can be effective in reducing the prevalence of esophageal cancer in this region. © 2019, Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention

The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in patients with COPD

Somaieh Matin,1 Ali Nemati,2 Hassan Ghobadi,3 Reza Alipanah-Moghadam,4 Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh4 1Department of Internal Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; 2Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; 3Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonary Division), Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; 4Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Background: Natural antioxidants in foods may be used in prevention and treatment of oxidative stress and inflammation in COPD. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplement as natural antioxidants on oxidative stress levels, and MMP2 and MMP9 serum levels in COPD patients. Materials and methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 90 (supplement group=45 and control group=45) COPD patients in Ardabil city, Iran, in 2015. After obtaining written consent, general information was collected from each patient using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Supplement group received 3.2 g of CLA and those in the control group were given 3.2 g of placebo for 6 weeks on a daily basis. Fasting blood samples were taken from all of the patients for testing of malondialdehyde (MDA), MMP2, and MMP9 levels at the beginning and end of the study. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov&ndash;Smirnov test, independent samples t-test, paired sample t-test, chi-square test, and ANOVA. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to mean age, smoking status, and serum level of MDA at the beginning of the study. In the supplement group, the serum level of MDA decreased significantly at the end of the 6th week compared to that in the beginning of the study (p=0.0004), while in the placebo group, the difference was found to be insignificant. The serum level of MMP9 decreased significantly in the supplement group, while in the placebo group its level increased significantly as compared to that at the beginning of the study (p&lt;0.05). The serum levels of MMP2 indicated no significant differences between the two groups neither at the beginning nor at the end of the study. Conclusion: These findings indicated that CLA supplementation may be helpful for COPD patients through inhibiting the production of oxidative stress and controlling MMP9 serum levels. Keywords: COPD, CLA, oxidative stress, MMP2, MMP