Employment, Income and Labour Supply Decision of Rural Households : An Economic Analysis of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu

In India, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGMGNREGS) is one of the major rural development programmes. It provides guaranteed employment to the rural households for 100 days in a year. This paper has attempted to find out the employment status, income and labour supply decision of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu. It has also studied the household nutritional security of these households. The study has revealed that the number of migrants in the family, number of livestock units owned, and number of person-days employed in agriculture, nonagriculture and MGNREGS are significantly influenced by the household income of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS. The analysis of household food-security has shown that the expenditure for all commodities, viz. leisure, cereals, pulses, oils, fruits & vegetables, milk, chicken and fish are positive and significant in the case of MGNREGS participants, whereas the expenditure variable is significant only for two commodities, viz. cereals and oils in case of MGNREGS non-participants. It shows that the MGNREGS participants consume more high-value commodities like milk, chicken and fish, as compared to MGNREGS non-participants. The labour supply decision of sample respondents has shown that the elasticity of labour supply with respect to wage rate is more than one in both participants and non-participants of MGNREGS, indicating that an one per cent increase in wage rate increases labour supply by 1.92 per cent and 2.36 per cent, respectively. In addition, as the number of dependents increases, the household increases labour supply to derive additional income to meet the increased household expenditures. An interesting and encouraging observation is that the scheme has reduced the migration of people from rural to urban areas.MGNREGS, employment, income, labour supply, Agricultural and Food Policy, J21, J22, H23, I31,

Socio-economic Impact Assessment of Livelihood Security in Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture on the Tsunami-hit Lands of Andaman

Indian subcontinent is highly vulnerable to major natural disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, droughts, landslides and bushfires. Tsunami, which is a recent addition to this list, had occurred in the early morning of 26th December 2004, after a massive earthquake of 9.2 magnitude on the Richter scale in Andaman & Nicobar islands, resulting in the submergence of large area of farmland, and subsequent drying up of water bodies. It caused moisture stress for the standing crops, livestock and fisheries and affected the livelihood of the people to a large extent. In this context, the present study has been carried out to make the socio-economic impact assessment of livelihood security in agriculture, animal husbandry and aquaculture on the tsunami-hit lands of Andaman. Data have been collected from 150 sample respondents and the survey has been conducted for two periods, pre-tsunami and post-tsunami. The results have indicated that tsunami has ravaged the households, standing crops, farm inputs such as seed, feed and implements, livestock and poultry population, their sheds, fish ponds, etc., thereby affecting the basic livelihood security of the people in Andaman. The rehabilitation measures taken by the government and NGOs have improved their livelihoods by reviving agriculture considerably in the subsequent years and by creating employment opportunities in various farm and non-farm activities. The paper has suggested creating profitable livelihood security to vulnerable sections of the society in the existing socio-economic penury with holistic intervention of the community, government and NGOs.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Reliability of ankle brachial index in patients with neurological deficits on ischemic episode of the limbs following Burgers exercises: open labelled clinical trial

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is an important marker of subclinical coronary heart disease. In some studies it has been found that surgical intervention alone or physical training alone does not provide good results. Aim of the study was to assess the reliability of ankle brachial index in patients with neurological deficits on ischemic episode of limbs following Burgers exercises.Methods: It was an open labelled clinical trial. Total 35 patients of both male and females were included in this open labelled clinical trial. Two measuring technique ABI and VAS, one exercise program, unsupervised home exercise program and patients advice was part of procedure. Intervention was given at 1st day, 3rd month and 6th month.Results: The study proves  that VAS,  ABI  showed  statistical significant difference when analyzed   between 1st  day to 3rd month, 1st day to 6th month  and  3rd month to 6th month  with ‛ p ’ value <0.0001.Conclusions: Physical therapy in the form of Burger’s exercise with life style modification is significant in improving quality of life in the form of reducing severity of claudication pain and improving walking distance. Therefore the present study concludes that ABI is a reliable, simple, safe and standard gold diagnostic tool in assessing ischemic episode of the limbs in patients with neurological deficits following burgers exercises.

Bio- Matric Intelligent ATM System

Now a day, peoples have multiple bank accounts so money transactions play a vital role in the nature of trade. Today, ATMs and Credit cards are used for this purpose, the authentication of these transactions are unsecure. To overcome this shortcoming of money transactions, we proposes the idea of using fingerprints of customers as login multiple banking password in place of traditional pin number. Here, if the fingerprint is recognized, then it display the multiple banking screen. Then we can choose the bank which we need for transaction. The remaining feature are same as i.e., a reference fingerprint of the nominee or a close family member of the customer can be used if the customer is not available in case of emergencies. This proposed business model helps the society, mainly the rural people, by enhancing the security using Fingerprint recognition in Digital image processing. As the fingerprint of every person is unique and unchangeable, this biometric feature is used over the others

Spatial price integration and price transmission among major fish markets in India

The domestic fish marketing system in India deserves to be developed into a strong network of efficiently functioning markets, as more than three-fourths of the country’s total fish production is channellised domestically. With the unleashing of a new global economic order, the efficiency of markets needs to be dealt with utmost importance. The degree of spatial market integration and price transmission between the major coastal markets in India have been reported using monthly retail price data on important marine fish species. It has been observed that degree of integration and rate of price transmission differ according to species. The highest integration has been observed in mackerel, probably because of its affordability to all income classes, resulting in a wide consumer base. Among various markets, a near full transmission of prices has been observed between Kerala and Tamil Nadu markets, except in the case of shrimp. Even though a major landing centre, the price movement in Maharashtra market has been found independent of other markets. The spatial market integration between major shrimp markets in the country has appeared to be the least, possibly because of its greater market share outside the country. The study has suggested to devise strategies to bring about greater integration between these markets so that both fishermen and the fish-consuming community in the country are benefitted.Marketing,

Immediate effect of dynamic oscillatory stretching vs. neurodynamic sliding technique on stretch tolerance, popliteal angle range and hamstring flexibility in apparently healthy individuals with hamstring tightness: a pre-post clinical trail

Background: The hamstrings being postural muscles are prone to tightness which leads to muscular imbalances and inefficiency of daily living activities. Hence, the present study aims to compare two competent techniques Dynamic Oscillatory Stretching (DOS)vs. neurodynamic sliding (NDS) technique.Methods: A Total of 60 subjects were recruited (31 males, 29 females). passive 90-90 knee extension test, modified v sit to reach test and NPRS scale were used to evaluate the range, flexibility and stretch tolerance in participants pre intervention and were allotted into Group A (DOS) and Groups B. The subjects were then re-assessed immediately post intervention.Results: The results were obtained using the independent and dependent t-tests. Post intervention results were suggestive of a significant within group result with a p=0.0001 under all the parameters. Subjects in Group a showed a greater increase in the ROM while, Group B showed a better result in flexibility and stretch tolerance.Conclusions: Both the techniques are efficient and can be incorporated in sports rehabilitation to prevent on site injury thereby improving athlete’s performance