Multi-model approach to quantify groundwater-level prediction uncertainty using an ensemble of global climate models and multiple abstraction scenarios

Acknowledgements. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. The fifth author obtained a PhD scholarship from the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO)-Flanders. This financial support is gratefully acknowledged. Data availability. The climate model data are publicly available through the website of the Earth System Grid Federation (https://esgf.llnl.gov, last access: 8 May 2019). Other data used in this study are summarized and presented in the figures, tables, references, and the Supplement. Additional data, model code and results are available upon request to the first ([email protected]) and last ([email protected]) authors.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

War, Taxes and Borders: How Beer Created Belgium

The present-day border between Belgium and the Netherlands traces back to the separation of the Low Countries after the Dutch Revolt (1566-1648) against Spanish rule. The capacity to finance war expenditures played a central role in the outcome of this conflict. Excise taxes on beer consumption were the single largest income source in Holland, the leading province of the Dutch Republic. Beer taxes thus played a crucial role in financing the Dutch Revolt which led to the separation of the Low Countries and, eventually, the creation of Belgium