Nutritive Value of South-Central Kentucky Forbs

South Central Kentucky pastures serve as a host for a plethora of forbs found throughout the Upper South and Midwest United States. In this region, forbs can be numerous within pastures that are under- managed. Many producers view forbs as unwanted or weedy species and may not fully understand the value that some of these forbs provide to beef cattle. With little scientific information found on the subject for the specific geographic area, the purpose of this study was to determine what types of forbs will provide adequate nutrition for lactating beef cows. Three pastures from separate farms were used for this study. Botanical composition was assessed monthly starting in March and continuing through October 2022. Vegetative material from the five most numerous forbs was collected along with tall fescue, a predominate perennial forage, and submitted to a forage lab for quality testing using wet chemistry. Crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), sodium (Na), and copper (Cu) were reported for this presentation. The forbs were classified as palatable and non-palatable and compared to tall fescue. The results showed indicate the palatable forbs and tall fescue generally supported the nutritional requirement of a lactating beef cow. Overall, palatable forbs showed a higher TDN, CP, and Cu levels in comparison to tall fescue and the non-palatable forbs. In summary, it was found palatable forbs retained higher nutritive value than tall fescue and non-palatable forbs and met the nutritional requirements for a lactating beef cow apart from Na

4-(Dimethyl­amino)pyridinium 2-(4-hydroxy­phenyl­diazen­yl)benzoate

In the title molecular salt, C7H11N2 +·C13H9N2O3 −, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings in the anion is 35.14 (8)°. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related anions associate via hydrox­yl–carboxyl­ate O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a 24-membered {⋯OC3N2C4OH}2 synthon. The cations are associated with this dimeric unit via pyridinium–carboxyl­ate N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Weak C—H⋯O links further consolidate the packing, generating layers

Poly[[bis­[μ2-N,N′-bis­(2-pyridyl­meth­yl)oxalamide-κ4 N,O:N′,O′][μ2-N,N′-bis­(2-pyridyl­meth­yl)oxalamide-κ2 N:N′]disilver(I)] bis­(trifluoro­methane­sulfonate)]

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, [Ag(C14H14N4O2)1.5](CF3SO3), comprises a Ag+ cation, three half-mol­ecules of N,N′-bis­(2-pyridyl­meth­yl)oxalamide (each of which is dis­posed about a centre of inversion) and a trifluoro­methane­sulfonate anion. Distinct coordination modes are found for the bridging ligands, i.e., a μ2,κ2-bridging mode involving pyridine N atoms for one ligand, and a μ2,κ4-bridging mode, employing both pyridine N and amide O atoms for the remaining ligands. The Ag+ cations, which are in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination, and the ligands combine to form a two-dimensional array parallel to (101); these arrays are connected into a three-dimensional structure by trifluoro­methane­sulfonate anions via N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O, and C—F⋯O inter­actions

2,2′-(Disulfanediyl)dibenzoic acid–N,N′-bis­(3-pyridyl­meth­yl)ethane­diamide (1/1)

The asymmetric unit of the title cocrystal, C14H14N4O2·C14H10O4S2, comprises a twisted 2,2′-(disulfanediyl)dibenzoic acid mol­ecule [dihedral angle between the benzene rings = 76.35 (10)°] and a U-shaped N,N′-bis­(3-pyridyl­meth­yl)ethane­diamide mol­ecule with the pyridyl groups lying to the same side of the central diamide moiety [C—C—C—N = 113.8 (2) and −117.6 (2)°]. The latter aggregate into supra­molecular tapes propagating along the a axis via centrosymmetric eight-membered amide {⋯OCNH}2 synthons. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed. The 2,2′-(disulfanediyl)dibenzoic acid mol­ecules form carbox­yl–pyridine O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, bridging a pyridine residue below the plane of the tape and one above the plane with two inter­vening N,N′-bis­(3-pyridyl­meth­yl)ethane­diamide mol­ecules. The supra­molecular chains are consolidated in the crystal packing by C—H⋯O contacts. An inter­molecular C—H⋯S inter­action also occurs

2-[(4-Hydroxy­phen­yl)diazen­yl]benzoic acid–N,N′-bis­(4-pyridylmeth­yl)oxamide (2/1)

The asymmetric unit of the title co-crystal, 2C13H10N2O3·C14H14N4O2, comprises one mol­ecule of 2-(4-hydroxy­phenyl­diazen­yl)benzoic acid and half of an N,N′-bis­(4-pyridylmeth­yl)oxamide mol­ecule as the latter is disposed about an inversion centre. The most notable feature of the crystal structure is the formation of supra­molecular chains arising from hydr­oxy–pyridine O—H⋯N contacts and amide–hydr­oxy C—H⋯O contacts. These give rise to 40-membered {⋯OH⋯NNC4OH⋯NC4NC2NH}2 synthons, generating supra­molecular chains along [01]. The chains are connected into a two-dimensional array via C—H⋯π inter­actions. Layers, with a step-ladder topology, are consolidated into the crystal structure via further C—H⋯π inter­actions

Bis{1,2-bis­[bis­(3-hydroxy­prop­yl)phosphino]ethane}dichloridoiron(II)

In the title compound, [FeCl2(C14H32O4P2)2], the FeII atom (site symmetry ) adopts a distorted trans-FeCl2P4 octa­hedral geometry with two P,P′-bidentate ligands in the equatorial positions and two chloride ions in the axial positions. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network

How Warmth and Competence Stereotypes Predict Political Party Support

People use stereotypes and party affiliation when making voting decisions (Leeper, 1991). Voters are also known to support the political party they view positively (Graham, Nosek, & Haidt, 2012). How do stereotypes influence political party support? Since warmth and competence are used to evaluate social groups (Cuddy et al. 2008), we examined how the warmth and competence stereotypes associated with political parties were related to voter support. We surveyed participants using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (n = 361). Participant’s ages ranged from twenty to seventy-three years old. These participants rated Democrats, Republicans, Independents, and Libertarians on competence, warmth, and support (Buhrmester, Kwang, & Gosling, 2011). We expect to find that competence and warmth for a political party (and their interaction) aids in predicting support for that party. To support our initial hypothesis we would need to find in our regressions that the more extensively a party was rated as warm or competent, the more participants support the party. Future research could take more political parties into account, such as the Green Party, or apply these predictive models to individual candidates. Research could also be expanded to examine using communion and agency towards parties as a predictive measure of elections

catena-Poly[[[(2-pyridone-κO)silver(I)]-μ-2-pyridone-κ2 O:O] hexa­fluorido­phosphate]

The asymmetric unit of the polymeric title salt, {[Ag(C5H5NO)2]PF6}n, comprises an AgI cation (located on a twofold axis), two 2-pyridone ligands (with distinct coordination modes), and half a PF6 − anion (situated on a centre of inversion). The AgI atom is in an approximately octa­hedral AgO6 coordination geometry, which is stabilized by intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The result of the bridging mode of the 2-pyridone ligand is the formation of a supra­molecular chain along the c axis; these are consolidated in the crystal by C—H⋯F inter­actions

Poly[(μ2-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N:N′)bis­(μ3-2,2,2-trifluoro­acetato-κ3 O:O:O′)disilver(I)]

In the title salt, [Ag2(CF3CO2)2(C10H8N2)]n, which may also be regarded as a coordination polymer if long Ag⋯O inter­actions are considered, each of the N atoms of the somewhat twisted 2,2′-bipyridine mol­ecule [N—C—C—N = −27.5 (4)°] binds to an Ag atom, and each of the carboxyl­ate ligands is tridentate, linking to three Ag atoms. The bidentate carboxyl­ate O atoms bridge the same two Ag atoms, resulting in the formation of Ag2O2 rings. These rings are bridged by the 2,2′-bipyridine ligands, forming a chain along the b axis. The chains are linked into double chains via the remaining Ag—O bonds and Ag⋯Ag contacts. As a consequence of the Ag⋯Ag contacts, the NO4 donor set about each Ag atom is heavily distorted. Finally, the chains are linked into a three-dimensional network by a combination of C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F inter­actions