A Comprehensive DNA Barcode Library for the Looper Moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of British Columbia, Canada

The construction of comprehensive reference libraries is essential to foster the development of DNA barcoding as a tool for monitoring biodiversity and detecting invasive species. The looper moths of British Columbia (BC), Canada present a challenging case for species discrimination via DNA barcoding due to their considerable diversity and limited taxonomic maturity.By analyzing specimens held in national and regional natural history collections, we assemble barcode records from representatives of 400 species from BC and surrounding provinces, territories and states. Sequence variation in the barcode region unambiguously discriminates over 93% of these 400 geometrid species. However, a final estimate of resolution success awaits detailed taxonomic analysis of 48 species where patterns of barcode variation suggest cases of cryptic species, unrecognized synonymy as well as young species.A catalog of these taxa meriting further taxonomic investigation is presented as well as the supplemental information needed to facilitate these investigations

Influences of club connectedness among young adults in Western Australian community-based sports clubs

Background: Along with physical benefits, community-based sport provides opportunities to enhance connectedness, an important protective factor of social and emotional health. However, young Australians participating in sport have been found to drink alcohol at higher levels than their non-sporting peers, and many clubs serve unhealthy food and beverages. This study explored the association between the dependent variable, level of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) and connectedness to club and other health behaviours among young people aged 18-30 years who play club sport in Western Australia. Methods: An online cross sectional survey measured levels of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C), alcohol-related harm, connectedness (including volunteering and team cohesion), mental wellbeing, healthy food options and club sponsorship among young adults aged 18-30 years involved in sports clubs in Western Australia (n = 242). Relationships and association between the dependent variable (AUDIT-C) and independent variables were assessed. Results: Male sportspeople were more likely to drink alcohol at high-risk levels than females (p <.001), and respondents belonging to a club that received alcohol-related sponsorship were more likely to drink at high-risk levels (p =.019). Females were significantly more likely to want healthy food and beverage options provided at their clubs (p = 0.011). When all factors were considered team cohesion (p = 0.02), alcohol expectations (p = <.001), occurrences of experienced alcohol-related harm (p = <.001) and length of club membership (p = 0.18) were significant predictors of high-risk AUDIT-C (R 2 =.34, adjusted R 2 =.33, F (4, 156) = 20.43, p = <.001). High-risk AUDIT-C and club connectedness predicted strong team cohesion (R 2 =.39, adjusted R 2 =.39, F (2, 166) = 53.74, p = <.001). Conclusions: Findings from this study may inform policy and practice to enhance healthy behaviours among young adults participating in community sports clubs in Australia and other countries

High-spin iron(II) complexes with mono-phosphorylated 2,6-diaminopyridine ligands

Several new monophosphorylated 2,6-diaminopyridine ligands bearing PiPr2 and PtBu2 units (PNNH2-iPr, PNNH2-tBu, PNNHMe-iPr, and PNNHEt-iPr) are prepared by treatment of the respective 2,6-diaminopyridines with the chlorophosphines PiPr2Cl and PtBu2Cl in the presence of a base. Treatment of anhydrous FeCl2 with 1 equiv of these afforded the tetracoordinated coordinatively unsaturated 14e− complexes [Fe(κ2P,N-PNNH2-iPr)Cl2] and [Fe(κ2P,N-PNNH2-tBu)Cl2], while with PNNHMe-iPr and PNNHEt-iPr a phosphine transfer reaction of a second PN ligand took place to yield the known PNP pincer complexes [Fe(κ3P,N,P-PNPMe-iPr)Cl2] and [Fe(κ3P,N,P-PNPEt-iPr)Cl2]. The four-coordinate complexes [Fe(κ2P,N-PNNH2-iPr)Cl2] and [Fe(κ2P,N-PNNH2-tBu)Cl2] did not react with CO and the formation of iron PNC pincer complexes was not observed. The reason for the reluctance to add CO was investigated in detail by DFT calculations.Austrian Science Fund (FWF)Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologi