326 research outputs found
Formation of charmonium states in heavy ion collisions and thermalization of charm
We examine the possibility to utilize in-medium charmonium formation in heavy
ion interactions at collider energy as a probe of the properties of the medium.
This is possible because the formation process involves recombination of charm
quarks which imprints a signal on the resulting normalized transverse momentum
distribution containing information about the momentum distribution of the
quarks. We have contrasted the transverse momentum spectra of J/Psi,
characterized by , which result from the formation process in which the
charm quark distributions are taken at opposite limits with regard to
thermalization in the medium. The first uses charm quark distributions
unchanged from their initial production in a pQCD process, appropriate if their
interaction with the medium is negligible. The second uses charm quark
distributions which are in complete thermal equilibrium with the transversely
expanding medium, appropriate if a very strong interaction between charm quarks
and medium exists. We find that the resulting of the formed J/Psi
should allow one to differentiate between these extremes, and that this
differentiation is not sensitive to variations in the detailed dynamics of
in-medium formation. We include a comparison of predictions of this model with
preliminary PHENIX measurements, which indicates compatibility with a
substantial fraction of in-medium formation.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, based on presentation at the Workshop on
Quark-Gluon-Plasma Thermalization (QGPTH05), Vienna, Austria, August 10-12,
2005. To be published in the proceedings. Two figures and 3 references
update
An assessment of J/Psi formation in the light of initial RHIC data
Predictions of J/Psi formation at RHIC via "off-diagonal" combinations of
charm and anticharm quarks in a region of color deconfinement are confronted
with initial data from the PHENIX collaboration. We find that the measured
centrality behavior places significant constraints on the various parameters
which control model calculations of J/Psi formation. Within present statistical
and systematic uncertainties, one can map out a region of parameter space
within which the contribution of formation in a deconfined phase is allowed. As
these uncertainties decrease and new data from d-Au interactions becomes
available, it is expected that definitive tests for the presence of this
formation mechanism will be possible. We anticipate that the rapidity and
transverse momentum spectra will prove decisive for a final determination.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, presented at SQM2003, March 12-17, 2003. To be
published in J. Phys.
Nonlinear Behavior of Quarkonium Formation and Deconfinement Signals
We anticipate new features of quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions
at RHIC and LHC energies which differ from a straightforward extrapolation of
results at CERN SPS energy. General arguments indicate that one may expect
quarkonium formation rates to increase more rapidly with energy and centrality
than the production rate of the heavy quarks which they contain. This is due to
new formation mechanisms in which independently-produced quarks and antiquarks
form a bound quarkonium state. This mechanism will depend quadratically on the
total number of initially-produced heavy quark pairs, and becomes numerically
significant only at RHIC and LHC energy. When viewed as a signal of color
deconfinement, a transition from suppression to enhancement may be observed.
Explicit model calculations are presented, in which one can follow striking
variations of final quarkonium production within a range of parameter space.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of Pan American Advanced Studies
Institute on New States of Matter in Hadronic Interactions (PASI 2002),
Campos do Jordao, Brazil, 7-18 Jan 2002; American Institute of Physics 200
In-Medium formation of J/Psi as a probe of charm quark thermalization
Charmonium formation via charm quark in-medium recombination in heavy ion
interactions at collider energies has the potential to probe some properties of
the medium by utilizing the sensitivity of the recombination process to the
momentum distribution of the quarks. We have examined the transverse momentum
spectra of J/Psi, characterized by , which result from the formation
process in which the charm quark distributions are unchanged from their initial
production in a pQCD process. This is contrasted with the case in which the
charm quarks have completely come into thermal equilibrium with an expanding
medium whose properties are determined by the spectra of produced light
hadrons. We find that the resulting of the formed J/Psi provide a
distinct signature of the underlying charm quark spectra, and that signature is
essentially independent of the detailed dynamics of the in-medium formation
reaction. In addition, both of these signatures are sufficiently separated from
the case in which no in-medium formation takes place. Finally, utilizing a
model for the fraction of J/Psi which originate from in-medium formation, we
predict the centrality behavior of these signatures.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, invited talk at the 35'th International Symposium
on Multiparticle Dynamics 2005, Kromeriz, Czech Republic, to be published in
the proceeding
Quarkonium formation in statistical and kinetic models
I review the present status of two related models addressing scenarios in
which the formation of heavy quarkonium states in high energy heavy ion
collisions proceed via "off-diagonal" combinations of a quark and an antiquark.
The physical process involved belongs to a general class of quark
"recombination", although technically the recombining quarks here were never
previously bound in a quarkonium state. Features of these processes relevant as
a signature of color deconfinement are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, based on invited plenary talk at Hard Probes
2004, Ericeira, Portugal, November 3-11, 2004, to appear in the proceeding
In-medium formation of quarkonium
We confront preliminary RHIC data on J/Psi production in nuclear interactions
with expectations which follow in scenarios involving charm quark recombination
in a region of color deconfinement. The focus is on transverse momentum and
rapidity spectra of the J/Psi, which carry a memory of the spectra of the charm
quarks. In such a scenario, one predicts that both spectra will be narrower
than those expected without recombination. Preliminary results for the
transverse momentum spectra point toward a preference for the recombination
picture, while the rapidity spectra do not exhibit any narrowing within present
large uncertainties. We present new calculations in the recombination model for
the centrality behavior of these signals, which map out the necessary
experimental precision required for a definitive test.Comment: Based on invited talk at Strangeness in Quark Matter 2006, UCLA,
March 26-31, 2006. Clarifying remarks added in published journal versio
Charmed Hadrons from Strangeness-rich QGP
The yields of charmed hadrons emitted by strangeness rich QGP are evaluated
within chemical non-equilibrium statistical hadronization model, conserving
strangeness, charm, and entropy yields at hadronization.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures SQM 2006; the same as J. Phys. G in pres
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