Biodegradable Battery Materials for Sustainable Energy Storage

This review presents a comprehensive perspective on the evolution of biodegradable battery materials within the context of sustainable energy storage, emphasizing their burgeoning significance. The exploration encompasses the transition towards paper-based batteries, a pivotal step towards ecologically friendly, lightweight, and cost-effective energy storage systems, alongside the introduction of novel sodium-ion hybrid electrolyte batteries that address growing environmental concerns through replaceable components. Moreover, the promise of organic sodium electrodes, derived from renewable biomass resources, potentially revolutionizes battery technology with materials that align with environmental principles. Furthermore, the review elucidates the potential of biodegradable organic materials within sodium-based batteries, underscoring their capacity to mitigate environmental impact. Drawing from these diverse sources, this review serves as a comprehensive exploration of the evolving landscape of biodegradable battery materials, illuminating their role in shaping a sustainable energy future

Landau-type theory applied to mixtures of liquid crystals of opposite diamagnetic anisotropies

An application of Landau-type theory to interpret the orientation of mixed liquid crystals of opposite diamagnetic anisotropies has been made. Experimental NMR results on three systems containing benzene and acetonitrile as the probe molecules have been interpreted. The computed order parameters are in agreement with those obtained experimentally in several systems. The switching transition at a critical concentration and temperature and the coexistence of two types of orientations have been explained

A Theory of Concentration Dependent Switching Transition in Mixed Liquid Crystals of Opposite Diamagnetic Anisotropies

A macroscopic theory of switching transition in a liquid crystal mixture of two thermotropic nematic systems of opposite diamagnetic anisotropies is presented. This is based on Landau theory and shows that temperature being fixed, a transition occurs at a critical relative concentration of the two liquid crystals under consideration. The theoretical dependence of the relevant order parameters is in good agreement with recently observed experimental results on such mixtures

Absolute Signs of the Order Parameters and the Structures of Benzo[C]bisisothiazoles

Proton NMR spectra including the $^{13}C$-satellites of two benzobisisothiazoles, namely, benzo $(1,2-C : 4,3-C^\prime)$- and benzo $(2,1-C : 3,4-C^\prime)$bisisothiazoles (referred to as (I) and (II) repsectively) have been studied in the nematic phase of $N-(P^\prime-ethoxyben-zylidene)$-p-n-butylaniline. The derived HH and $^{13}CH$ direct dipolar couplings have been corrected for harmonic vibrations and the $r\alpha$ structures derived. The results indicate that the molecules are planar and there is a considerable bond fixation in (II). As some of the dipolar couplings could not be derived precisely in (I), it was hard to conclude anything definite about the bond fixation. In (I) the magnitude of the order parameter of the axis perpendicular to the $C_2$-symmetry axis and in the molecular plane is larger than 0.5 and hence its absolute sign is positive. In analogy with (I), the signs of the order parameters in (II) have also been derived

Integration of PV and Wind Energy Systems: Strategies for Balancing Energy Supply and Demand

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy, is a crucial step toward reducing carbon emissions and achieving a sustainable energy future. However, the inherent variability of these renewable sources poses significant challenges to balancing energy supply and demand. This paper explores various strategies for integrating PV and wind energy systems to ensure a balanced and reliable power supply. The proposed approaches involve the use of advanced control systems, energy storage solutions, and demand-side management techniques to mitigate the fluctuations associated with PV and wind energy. Simulation results demonstrate that the effective coordination of PV and wind power with energy storage and demand-side response enhances grid stability, reduces power imbalances, and ensures a reliable power supply. This research provides insights into optimizing the integration of renewable energy sources for a more resilient and efficient energy system