95 research outputs found
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Processing and properties of FeAl-bonded composites
Iron aluminides are thermodynamically compatible with a wide range of ceramics such as carbides, borides, oxides, and nitrides, which makes them suitable as the matrix in composites or cermets containing fine ceramic particulates. For ceramic contents varying from 30 to 60 vol.%, composites of Fe-40 at. % Al with WC, TiC, TiB{sub 2}, and ZrB{sub 2} were fabricated by conventional liquid phase sintering of powder mixtures. For ceramic contents from 70 to 85 vol.%, pressureless melt infiltration was found to be a more suitable processing technique. In FeAl-60 vol.% WC, flexure strengths of up to 1.8 GPa were obtained, even though processing defects consisting of small oxide clusters were present. Room temperature fracture toughnesses were determined by flexure testing of chevron-notched specimens. FeAl/WC and FeAl/TiC composites containing 60 vol.% carbide particles exhibited K{sub Q} values around 20 MPa m{sup 1/2}. Slow crack growth measurements carried out in water and in dry oxygen suggest a relatively small influence of water-vapor embrittlement. It appears therefore that the mechanical properties of iron aluminides in the form of fine ligaments are quite different from their bulk properties. Measurements of the oxidation resistance, dry wear resistance, and thermal expansion of iron aluminide composites suggest many potential applications for these new materials
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Iron aluminide-titanium carbide composites: Microstructure and mechanical properties
Composites of intermetallics and carbides (with binder contents less that 50 vol.%) are considered as potential candidates for applications requiring high wear resistance in corrosive environments. Intermetallics, especially aluminides, provide the corrosion resistance, and the high hardness of the carbide phase contributes to increased wear resistance of the composites. In this study, cost effective and simple processing techniques to obtain FeAl-TiC composites, over a wide range of binder volume fractions, are demonstrated. Binder volume fractions range from 0.15 to 0.7 (18 to 75 wt. % binder). Two techniques - liquid phase sintering of mixed powders and pressureless melt infiltration of TiC preforms was found to be very successful for obtaining fully dense composites with binder volume fractions from 0.15 to 0.3 (18 to 34 wt. %), whereas for higher binder contents liquid phase sintering of mixed powders was the best approach. Mechanical properties of these composites including the 3-point bend strength, fracture toughness and hardness are presented
USING EARTH OBSERVATION TO SUPPORT FIRST AID RESPONSE IN CRISIS SITUATIONSâ LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EARTHQUAKE IN TĂRKIYE/SYRIA (2023)
In the early morning hours on Tuesday, February 6, 2023, the southern part of TĂŒrkiye was struck by two large and several smaller earthquakes, causing destruction and casualties over a remarkably large area. In such cases, quick response and well-informed coordination is a key factor to successful first aid responses since damage and the number of people buried or in need often remain unclear in the hours after the disaster. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) responded to the earthquake by rapidly providing a number of information products, all above very high-resolution imagery in an easy-to-use web-based application. Next to satellite and drone imagery, damage information and pre-disaster imagery were provided to the users. Drone imagery was acquired in person for Kirikhan, a city in the south of the disaster area. Access to the viewer was granted to authorized users from public authorities, humanitarian aid organisations, and research institutes. Furthermore, DLR generated information products in the fields of settlement pattern, AI based damage assessment and tectonic movements. These data, as scientifically significant as they are, were not part of the web viewer. Within this paper, the reasons will be assessed as well as the general workflow of the activation. The paper will also discuss what steps need to be taken to ensure research outcomes being integrated into information products for users in future and how to prepare for the next disaster to still ensure a quick response but with an enriched product suite
Oxide dispersion-strengthened steel PM2000 after dynamic plastic deformation: nanostructure and annealing behaviour
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FeAl-TiC and FeAl-WC composites - melt infiltration processing, microstructure and mechanical properties
TiC-based and WC-based cermets were processed with iron aluminide, an intermetallic, as a binder by pressureless melt infiltration to near full density (> 97 % theoretical density). Phase equilibria calculations in the quaternary Fe-Al-Ti-C and Fe-Al-W-C systems at 145{degrees}C were performed to determine the solubility of the carbide phases in liquid iron aluminide. This was done by using Thermocalc{trademark} and the results show that molten Fe-40 at.% Al in equilibrium with Ti{sub 0.512}C{sub 0.488} and graphite, dissolves 4.9 at% carbon and 64 atomic ppm titanium. In the Fe-Al-W-C system, liquid Fe-40 at.% Al in equilibrium with graphite dissolves about 5 at.% carbon and 1 at.% tungsten. Due to the low values for the solubility of the carbide phases in liquid iron aluminide, liquid phase sintering of mixed powders does not yield a dense, homogeneous microstructure for carbide volume fractions greater than 0.70. Melt infiltration of molten FeAl into TiC and WC preforms serves as a successful approach to process cermets with carbide contents ranging from 70 to 90 vol. %, to greater than 97% of theoretical density. Also, the microstructures of cermets prepared by melt infiltration were very homogeneous. Typical properties such as hardness, bend strength and fracture toughness are reported. SEM observations of fracture surfaces suggest the improved fracture toughness to result from the ductility of the intermetallic phase. Preliminary experiments for the evaluation of the oxidation resistance of iron aluminide bonded cermets indicate that they are more resistant than WC-Co cermets
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Attempt to control the interfacial strength
Composites consisting of a B2 iron aluminide matrix and 40 vol.% of TiB{sub 2} particles were processed by liquid phase sintering. In order to encourage segregation of B or Ti at the FeAl/TiB{sub 2} interfaces, the iron aluminide matrix was microalloyed with B or Ti, respectively. Additions of Ti degraded the mechanical properties. However, for composites microalloyed with B, room temperature flexure tests show slight increases in the maximum strength (from 1250 to 1380 MPa) and the fracture toughness. Interfacial segregation of B may have contributed to this result. Significantly improved processing of the composites would be required in order to verify the effect of B conclusively. 15 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs
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Bonding of WC with an iron aluminide (FeAl) intermetallic
FeAl, which has high oxidation and sulfidation resistance, was shown to be thermodynamically compatible with WC. Calculations indicate that soly. of WC in liq. Fe-40at.%Al at 1450 C is about 2 at.%. Since liquid FeAl wets WC very well, the WC/FeAl system lends itself to liquid-phase sintering, resulting in close to theoretical densities. Almost fully dense cermets with 20.6 wt% FeAl binder were produced. With one-step infiltration, 98% dense cermets with only 7 wt% FeAl binder were fabricated. RT bend strengths and fracture toughness for WC-20.6 wt% FeAl reached 1680 MPa and 22 MPa{center_dot}m{sup 1/2}. Ductile binder fracture was observed on the fracture surfaces. Pores containing oxide inclusions were found, suggesting that improvements in processing are likely to further improve the mechanical properties. Insufficient process control may explain why WC/FeAlNi cermets did not show improved mechanical properties, although Ni strengthens FeAl. For WC bonded with FeAl, mechanical properties were measured at RT and 800 C. Bend strengths at 800 C in air increased with WC volume fraction, and fracture toughness were higher than at RT
Adverse events during a disorderâspecific psychotherapy compared to a nonspecific psychotherapy in patients with chronic depression
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Fracture and fatigue properties of Mo-Mo{sub 3}Si-Mo{sub 5}SiB{sub 2} refractory intermetallic alloys at ambient to elevated temperatures (25-1300 degrees Centigrade)
The need for structural materials with high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance coupled with adequate lower-temperature toughness for potential use at temperatures above {approx} 1000 degrees C has remained a persistent challenge in materials science. In this work, one promising class of intermetallic alloys is examined, namely boron-containing molybdenum silicides, with compositions in the range Mo (bal), 12-17 at. percentSi, 8.5 at. percentB, processed using both ingot (I/M) and powder (P/M) metallurgy methods. Specifically, the oxidation (''pesting''), fracture toughness and fatigue-crack propagation resistance of four such alloys, which consisted of {approx}21 to 38 vol. percent a-Mo phase in an intermetallic matrix of Mo3Si and Mo5SiB2 (T2), were characterized at temperatures between 25 degrees and 1300 degrees C. The boron additions were found to confer superior ''pest'' resistance (at 400 degrees to 900 degrees C) as compared to unmodified molybdenum silicides, such as Mo5Si3. Moreover , although the fracture and fatigue properties of the finer-scale P/M alloys were only marginally better than those of MoSi2, for the I/M processed microstructures with coarse distributions of the a-Mo phase, fracture toughness properties were far superior, rising from values above 7 MPa sqrt m at ambient temperatures to almost 12 MPa sqrt m at 1300 degrees C
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