6,475 research outputs found
Toward a scalable and sustainable approach to open access publishing and archiving for humanities and social sciences societies: a proposal
The proposal we offer here (and in the more extensive 'white paper' proposal on which this article is based) tackles head-on the open access (OA) business models that have proven particularly problematic for implementation of OA in the humanities and social sciences (HSS). Our proposal suggests all tertiary institutions contribute to systemic support of the research process itself, including its entire scholarly output. A bold rethinking of the economics of OA by way of partnerships among scholarly societies and academic libraries funded by an institutional fee structure based on a student-and-faculty per-capita sliding scale, our plan is nevertheless intentionally incremental. Our proposal focuses first on HSS and primarily in the United States, but just as research and scholarship are increasingly global and collaborative, our plan is not bound by discipline or national borders, but can be adopted by all those looking for a more equitable and sustainable OA model
BIRP: Software for interactive search and retrieval of image engineering data
Better Image Retrieval Programs (BIRP), a set of programs to interactively sort through and to display a database, such as engineering data for images acquired by spacecraft is described. An overview of the philosophy of BIRP design, the structure of BIRP data files, and examples that illustrate the capabilities of the software are provided
The dwarf low surface brightness population in different environments of the Local Universe
The nature of the dwarf galaxy population as a function of location in the
cluster and within different environments is investigated. We have previously
described the results of a search for low surface brightness objects in data
drawn from an East-West strip of the Virgo cluster (Sabatini et al., 2003) and
have compared this to a large area strip outside of the cluster (Roberts et
al., 2004). In this talk I compare the East-West data (sampling sub-cluster A
and outward) to new data along a North-South cluster strip that samples a
different region (part of sub-cluster A, and the N,M clouds) and with data
obtained for the Ursa Major cluster and fields around the spiral galaxy M101.
The sample of dwarf galaxies in different environments is obtained from uniform
datasets that reach central surface brightness values of ~26 B mag/arcsec^2 and
an apparent B magnitude of 21 (M_B=-10 for a Virgo Cluster distance of 16 Mpc).
We discuss and interpret our results on the properties and distribution of
dwarf low surface brightness galaxies in the context of variuos physical
processes that are thought to act on galaxies as they form and evolve.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to appear in "Dark Galaxies and Lost Baryons",
IAU244 conference proceeding
Synthesis of Colloidal Mn2+:ZnO Quantum Dots and High-TC Ferromagnetic Nanocrystalline Thin Films
We report the synthesis of colloidal Mn2+-doped ZnO (Mn2+:ZnO) quantum dots
and the preparation of room-temperature ferromagnetic nanocrystalline thin
films. Mn2+:ZnO nanocrystals were prepared by a hydrolysis and condensation
reaction in DMSO under atmospheric conditions. Synthesis was monitored by
electronic absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies.
Zn(OAc)2 was found to strongly inhibit oxidation of Mn2+ by O2, allowing the
synthesis of Mn2+:ZnO to be performed aerobically. Mn2+ ions were removed from
the surfaces of as-prepared nanocrystals using dodecylamine to yield
high-quality internally doped Mn2+:ZnO colloids of nearly spherical shape and
uniform diameter (6.1 +/- 0.7 nm). Simulations of the highly resolved X- and
Q-band nanocrystal EPR spectra, combined with quantitative analysis of magnetic
susceptibilities, confirmed that the manganese is substitutionally incorporated
into the ZnO nanocrystals as Mn2+ with very homogeneous speciation, differing
from bulk Mn2+:ZnO only in the magnitude of D-strain. Robust ferromagnetism was
observed in spin-coated thin films of the nanocrystals, with 300 K saturation
moments as large as 1.35 Bohr magneton/Mn2+ and TC > 350 K. A distinct
ferromagnetic resonance signal was observed in the EPR spectra of the
ferromagnetic films. The occurrence of ferromagnetism in Mn2+:ZnO and its
dependence on synthetic variables are discussed in the context of these and
previous theoretical and experimental results.Comment: To be published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society Web
on July 14, 2004 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja048427j
Cation composition effects on oxide conductivity in the Zr_2Y_2O_7-Y_3NbO_7 system
Realistic, first-principles-based interatomic potentials have been used in
molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of cation composition on the
ionic conductivity in the Zr2Y2O7-Y3NbO7 system and to link the dynamical
properties to the degree of lattice disorder. Across the composition range,
this system retains a disordered fluorite crystal structure and the vacancy
concentration is constant. The observed trends of decreasing conductivity and
increasing disorder with increasing Nb5+ content were reproduced in simulations
with the cations randomly assigned to positions on the cation sublattice. The
trends were traced to the influences of the cation charges and relative sizes
and their effect on vacancy ordering by carrying out additional calculations in
which, for example, the charges of the cations were equalised. The simulations
did not, however, reproduce all the observed properties, particularly for
Y3NbO7. Its conductivity was significantly overestimated and prominent diffuse
scattering features observed in small area electron diffraction studies were
not always reproduced. Consideration of these deficiencies led to a preliminary
attempt to characterise the consequence of partially ordering the cations on
their lattice, which significantly affects the propensity for vacancy ordering.
The extent and consequences of cation ordering seem to be much less pronounced
on the Zr2Y2O7 side of the composition range.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics: Condensed
Matte
Hostile Share Acquisitions and Corporate Governance: A Framework for Evaluating Antitakeover Activities
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of hostile share acquisitions of American businesses. The authors examine the validity of the various defensive measures employed by target companies to defeat or deter a hostile takeover bid. They argue that antitakeover activity should not be viewed as a separate subset of legal analysis; rather, it should be analyzed according to four traditional principles of corporate governance: (1) the discretion afforded corporate management by the business judgment rule; (2) the prohibition against discriminating between members of the same class of shareholders; (3) the prohibition against shifting control from the shareholders to the board of directors for actions reserved by statute to the shareholders; and (4) the prohibition against shifting control from a majority to a minority of shareholders for decisions reserved by statute to the majority. Moreover, the authors assert that even if a court uses these principles of corporate goverance as the basis for its decision, the court\u27s analysis is still incomplete if it focuses only on the target board\u27s initial decision to resist a hostile share acquisition. Rather, a court must undertake a two-step analysis, whereby it looks first at the target board\u27s initial decision to resist the hostile takeover, and second, to the means employed by the target board to effectuate that decision
Management Buyouts: Creating or Appropriating Shareholder Wealth?
The name of the game in corporate America today is leverage.Whether through leveraged buyouts\u27 or leveraged recapitalizations, many of the United States\u27 largest corporations are rapidly trading equity capital for debt.\u27 This trend began only a few years ago when a small group of financial entrepreneurs, which included Carl Icahn, T.Boone Pickens, Asher Edelman,\u27 Irwin Jacobs, and Ronald Perelman, found that they could finance large stock purchases of major corporations through the use of high-yield ( junk ) bonds\u27 leading to either an acquisition of the target or its forced restructuring. The general goal of these financiers was to force a reconciliation between what they perceived as low stock prices and corporate assets of far greater potential value. Their efforts have been tremendously profitable.
The corporate targets of these hostile share acquisitions, however,did not sit idly by and wait to have their shares gobbled up. The defenses they erected are now. famous because of their frequent use and colorful names: the Pac-Man defense, the scorched earth defense, shark repellents and poison pills. \u27 While these defenses proved to be an initial deterrent to hostile acquisitions, more creative financing techniques and other offensive weapons have rendered these defenses something of a Maginot Line. Target managements, searching for away to protect their shareholders, their jobs, or both, increasingly have taken the approach of fighting fire with fire-that is, using leverage and redeployment of assets in an attempt to create for themselves the same profits sought by the hostile bidder.
The present-day management buyout developed primarily as a defensive response to the attacks of the financial entrepreneurs and other acquisition hungry companies. Top executives who became the equity holders in the private companies that followed buyouts generally have found this new defense as enormously profitable as the comparable offensive purchases of the financiers who initiated the first round of lever-aged stock acquisitions. Likewise, the leveraged recapitalization can be viewed largely as management\u27s attempt to effect the same reconciliation of values between stock prices and corporate assets by which a hostile bidder seeks to profit, while keeping the company independent with ownership continuing in the hands of the public shareholders.Here too, however, management will often grab a slice of the equity pie as an incentive booster in the course of revamping the corporation\u27s capital structure. It appears that like buyouts, top executives find the leveraged recapitalization quite profitable
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