DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF NEBIVOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND CILNIDIPINE

Objective: The proposed method describes method development and validation of nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine in combined pharmaceutical tablet dosage form by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) having adequate specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Methods: Nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine drug combination is used for the treatment of hypertension. Precoated aluminum plates with silica gel 60 F254 (E-Merck, Germany) were used for the chromatographic separation which was carried using chloroform:glacial acetic acid:methanol, in 8.5:1:0.5 (v/v/v) as a mobile phase. HPTLC separation of two drugs was carried by densitometric measurement at 270 nm. Reults: The drugs were satisfactorily resolved with retardation factor values of 0.0.29±0.008 and 0.69±0.007 for nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 100–1000 ng/spot and 50–500 ng/spot for nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine, respectively. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.989 and 0.996 for nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine, respectively. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 16.395 ng/band and 49.681 ng/band and 31.788ng/band and 96.328 ng/band, respectively. The mean recovery was found to be 100.570–101.936 and 100.269–101.333 for nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision was found to be within the limit. Conclusion: A simple, accurate, precise, and sensitive HPTLC method has been developed and validated in combined pharmaceutical tablet dosage form for simultaneous estimation of nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine

An Improved AMR AMI Approach for Metering & Energy Monitoring

The growing demand of e nergy in day to life has also increase the demand of momonitoring and managing it. So connectivity solution for smart metering address the challenge of liable, secure and robust communications for remote metering and home en ergy management , Enabling remote metering with Web connectivity is needed . In this pap er an AMR solution with standalone transceivers to complete systems - on - chip with 32 - bit ARM® core and embedded memory, supporting both sub - GHz frequencies (including 868/915MHz) and 2.4 GHz license - free frequency bands is discussed with other available solution

Bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle with trifid insertion, a rare variation

Normally the palmaris longus muscle originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus from common flexor origin. In the middle of the forearm, the muscle belly forms a tendon which is inserted into the flexor retinaculum and the palmar aponeurosis. In our study after dissection of both forearms of a 45-year-old male cadaver we found a reversed palmaris longus muscle. This means that the palmaris longus muscle was tendinous in its proximal part and muscular in its distal part. The fleshy belly of muscle was passing over flexor retinaculum, was ensheathed by separate fascia. The muscle belly was spreading on both the sides of each palm for insertion which was trifid, that is centrally into palmar aponeurosis, laterally continuous with the fascia covering the thenar muscles and medially with Abductor digit minimi. It was having tendinous interconnection with the muscle mass of both the sides. Bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle mentioned in the literature, was a surgical finding in a patient who suffered from edema and pain in the wrist. The overuse of the reversed palmaris longus muscle can lead to the muscle’s local hypertrophy. As per the literature a reversed palmaris longus muscle may cause a compartment syndrome with pain and edema in the wrist area, the carpal tunnel syndrome and Guyon’s syndrome. The variation is also useful to the hand surgeon, as the palmaris longus muscle is an anatomical landmark for operations in this area

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY-INDICATING REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF LEDIPASVIR IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of ledipasvir (LDP) in bulk and tablet formulation. Methods: Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of LDP in bulk and tablet formulation. RP-HPLC was carried out on HiQ SiL C18 columns (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size) using mobile phase acetonitrile:1 mM ammonium acetate buffer in the ratio of 90:10 v/v at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The analytes were monitored using MD 2010 PDA detector at 333 nm. Results: The retention time was found to be 3.843 min. The proposed method was found to be having linearity in the concentration range of 5–30 μg/ml. The number of theoretical plates obtained was 4236.50 which indicate the efficient performance of the column. The limit of detection was 0.305 μg/ml and limit of quantification was 0.923 μg/ml, which indicate the sensitivity of the method; the high percentage recovery indicates that the proposed method is highly accurate. The developed method has been validated according to the ICH guidelines and found to be simple, specific, precise, and accurate. Conclusion: The proposed method is precise, accurate, and stability indicating. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for routine quality control and analysis of LDP during stability studies in bulk samples and tablet dosage forms

Greenhouse Parameters Monitoring and Controlling System Using Arduino and Android

Greenhouse parameter monitoring and controlling system is basically designed to monitor and control various parameters of a greenhouse for efficient growth of plants. The system has been designed using Arduino, GSM, ZigBee and Sensors. The temperature, light and soil moisture sensors are used to measure the respective parameters of the greenhouse, further these measured values will be sent to Android app via GSM. As different plants require different moisture, by analyzing the values from the app the user can control the moisture by turning on the water pump via message to GSM. The objective of this project is to provide user full access to greenhouse on a single click through Android

Seed germination and seedling physiology of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) under chloride salinity

Seed germination and seedling physiology of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) was investigated under salinity induced by NaCl. Five different salinity levels (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM) were used. The results revealed that seed germination and seedling growth were significantly retarded due to salinity. Significant accumulation of various osmolytes like reducing sugars and total sugars, proline, glycine betaine and total free amino acids was recorded with increasing salinity. The reduction in protein and starch content of seedlings under stress condition was concentration dependent. The studies suggested that ajowan is moderately tolerant to salt stress at seed germination stage. &nbsp

ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE WATER HARVESTING SITE IN GEOSPATIAL ENVIRONMENT

Water is the prime requirement for agriculture, domestic uses and industrial production. In India the per capita available of water is decreasing at a higher rate due to impact of climate change and ever-increasing population. Rainwater harvesting is the technique which is being used in effective storing of surface runoff. There are various types of water harvesting structures namely check dam, farm pond, percolation tank, etc. However, identification of potential site for the construction of the particular water harvesting structure is bit difficult as it depends upon numerous parameters such as soil type, slope, water availability, land use and land cover of the site and the surrounding, etc. The guidelines such as Food and Agriculture Organization; Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development are available for selecting suitable site for water harvesting structures. As the site suitability analysis involves multiple parameters for decision making, in the present study, the selection of suitable site for check dam is made through analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in geospatial domain for Hatni watershed, Madhya Pradesh, India. As location for check dam construction is influenced by soil texture, slope of the terrain, land use land cover, stream order and water availability; these parameters were derived from remote sensing data and analysed. The slope and stream network layers were generated from the digital elevation model (DEM). Further, the influence of soil and water availability in identifying the suitable sites was studied through soil texture and curve number. Different parameters influence the site suitability analysis, therefore, in the present study, IMSD guidelines were used to assign weights to each parameter under consideration. The layers were assigned weights by AHP technique based on pairwise comparison. The layers were reclassified according to the weights, then overlay analysis has been done to get the final site suitability map. As remote sensing provides the synoptic coverage of the earth, it has been further utilised to study the impact of water harvesting structure on its surrounding. The land use land cover map of before and after the construction of water harvesting structure was analysed for change in vegetation condition. It was observed that the vegetative cover has increased after implementation of the water conservation measures. It may be concluded that the geospatial technology has immense potential in site suitability studies for water harvesting structures

Urbanisation Effect on Hydrological Response: A Case Study of Asan River Watershed, India

Human being keeps on modifying the environment especially land use/land cover (LULC), in pursuance of excel, comfort and development. The subsequent impact of urbanization to the environment, especially land cover change, now occurs on scales that significantly affect hydrologic variations. The altering environment makes it necessary to understand and quantify various hydrological components for efficient water resource management. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was  made to study the impact of LULC change on runoff generation potential. Asan River watershed, which lies in Dehradun, capital of newly created Uttarakhand State, India, is selected as study region. A huge industrialization is been taken place within this watershed immediately after declaration of state in year 2000. Initially, LULC change detection analysis was carried out by simple LULC class area difference between two years under consideration i.e. 2000 and 2010. The hydrological simulation using variable infiltration capacity macro-scale hydrological model depicted increase in runoff after urbanization took place. Keywords: Land use land cover change, Urbanization, Impact assessment, hydrological modeling, variable infiltration capacity model, runoff potentia

Effect of pH and Gastrointestinal Enzymes on Stability of Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol using Simultaneous TLC Densitometric Method and Standardization of commercial formulations containing Psoralea cordyfollia Linn.

Psoralea corylifolia is used for treatmet of skin diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo. Psoralen is responsible for its effectiveness against psoriasis. Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol are DNA polymerase and topoisomerase II inhibitors. To study the effect of pH and gastrointestinal (GI) enzymes on Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol from Psoralea corylifolia Linn using a simple, sensitive, accurate and robust high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method. The method was performed on silica gel 60 F254with n- Hexane : Ethyl acetate ( 7.5 : 2.5 v/v)  as the mobile phase. Densitometric scanning at 285 nm for Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol was used. The method was validated as per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). In addition the applicability of the method was tested for the standardization of both mono and polyherbal formulations containing the above markers. The Rf values of 0.37, 0.48 and 0.63 were obtained for Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol respectively. The linearity range of 20-120 ng spot-1,  20-120 ng spot-1 and 80-280 ng spot-1  with good correlation coefficients of r2 = 0.998, 0.998 and 0.999 were obtained for Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol  respectively. The method was applied for the in vitro stability studies of above markers in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids to study the effect of pH and GI enzymes. Psoralen was found to be most stable in the simulated physiological fluids whereas other two compounds showed instability. The method was found to be precise, robust and suitable for the routine quality control analysis of plant extracts and polyherbal formulations. Keywords: Psoralea corylifolia Linn, Leguminoceae, HPTLC, Enzymatic stabilit