91 research outputs found

    Media e immagine del corpo. Un approccio interculturale.

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    Il presente studio analizza gli effetti degli spots pubblicitari sull’immagine corporea di giovani donne americane. Viene ipotizzato che le immagini pubblicitarie, in quanto porzione specifica delle diverse immagini mediatiche, abbiano un’influenza particolarmente forte sull’immagine corporea a causa del ricorso a corpi magri e sportivi, o riferimenti ad essi, nelle strategie di marketing dei prodotti. Sulla base delle evidenze emergenti dai lavori di Matacin (2005), secondo cui le donne italiane sembrano meno insoddisfatte del loro corpo rispetto alle donne americane, i partecipanti sono stati esposti ad un campione rappresentativo di pubblicità sia italiane che americane. Sono state trovate differenze significative nell’insoddisfazione corporea tra i soggetti che hanno visionato gli spots americani e quanti hanno visionato gli spots italiani.Questo studio supporta la prospettiva per cui l’immagine corporea è suscettibile di cambiamento, piuttosto che essere un costrutto stabile. Inoltre, evidenzia come le caratteristiche relative alla “specificità culturale” delle immagini mediatiche rivestano un ruolo causale nella insoddisfazione corporea.* Presentato dal Dipartimento di Psicologia e del Territorio

    Prediction of key milk biomarkers in dairy cows through milk MIR spectra and international collaborations.

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    peer reviewedAt the individual cow level, sub-optimum fertility, mastitis, negative energy balance and ketosis are major issues in dairy farming. These problems are widespread on dairy farms and have an important economic impact. The objectives of this study were: 1) to assess the potential of milk Mid Infrared (MIR) spectra to predict key biomarkers of energy deficit (citrate, isocitrate, glucose-6P, free glucose), ketosis (BHB and acetone), mastitis (NAGase and LDH), and fertility (progesterone); 2) to test alternative methodologies to partial least square regression (PLS) to better account for the specific asymmetric distribution of the biomarkers; and 3) to create robust models by merging large data sets from 5 international or national projects. Benefiting from this international collaboration, the data set comprised a total of 9,143 milk samples from 3,758 cows located in 589 herds across 10 countries and represented 7 breeds. The samples were analyzed by reference chemistry for biomarker contents while the MIR analyses were performed on 30 instruments from different models and brands, with spectra harmonized into a common format. Four quantitative methodologies were evaluated to address the strongly skewed distribution of some biomarkers. PLS was used as the reference basis, and compared with a random modification of distribution associated with PLS (Random-downsampling-PLS), an optimized modification of distribution associated with PLS (KennardStone-downsampling-PLS) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). When the ability of MIR to predict biomarkers was too low for quantification, different qualitative methodologies were tested to discriminate low vs high values of biomarkers. For each biomarker, 20% of the herds were randomly removed within all countries to be used as the validation data set. The remaining 80% of herds were used as the calibration data set. In calibration, the 3 alternative methodologies outperform the PLS performances for the majority of biomarkers. However, in the external herd validation, PLS provided the best results for isocitrate, glucose-6P, free glucose and LDH (R2v = 0.48, 0.58, 0.28, and 0.24). For other molecules, PLS-Random-downsampling and PLS-KennardStone-downsampling outperformed PLS in the majority of cases, but the best results were provided by SVM for citrate, BHB, acetone, NAGase and progesterone (R2v = 0.94, 0.58, 0.76, 0.68, and 0.15). Hence, PLS and SVM based on the entire data set provided the best results for normal and skewed distributions, respectively. Complementary to the quantitative methods, the qualitative discriminant models enabled the discrimination of high and low values for BHB, acetone, and NAGase with a global accuracy around 90%, and glucose-6P with an accuracy of 83%. In conclusion, MIR spectra of milk can enable quantitative screening of citrate as a biomarker of energy deficit and discrimination of low and high values of BHB, acetone, and NAGase, as biomarkers of ketosis and mastitis. Finally, progesterone could not be predicted with sufficient accuracy from milk MIR spectra to be further considered. Consequently, MIR spectrometry can bring valuable information regarding the occurrence of energy deficit, ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows, which in turn have major influences on their fertility and survival

    Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

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    PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

    Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

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    PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

    The LiteBIRD mission to explore cosmic inflation

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    LiteBIRD, the next-generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment, aims for a launch in Japan's fiscal year 2032, marking a major advancement in the exploration of primordial cosmology and fundamental physics. Orbiting the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L2, this JAXA-led strategic L-class mission will conduct a comprehensive mapping of the CMB polarization across the entire sky. During its 3-year mission, LiteBIRD will employ three telescopes within 15 unique frequency bands (ranging from 34 through 448 GHz), targeting a sensitivity of 2.2\,μK-arcmin and a resolution of 0.5∘ at 100\,GHz. Its primary goal is to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio r with an uncertainty δr=0.001, including systematic errors and margin. If r≥0.01, LiteBIRD expects to achieve a >5σ detection in the ℓ=2-10 and ℓ=11-200 ranges separately, providing crucial insight into the early Universe. We describe LiteBIRD's scientific objectives, the application of systems engineering to mission requirements, the anticipated scientific impact, and the operations and scanning strategies vital to minimizing systematic effects. We will also highlight LiteBIRD's synergies with concurrent CMB projects

    Raw data-Simultaneous resting-state FDG-PET/fMRI in Alzheimer Disease Relationship between glucose metabolism and intrinsic activity

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    Media e immagine del corpo. Un approccio interculturale

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    none3noneMARCHITELLI S; E. RUSSO; SADLER MMarchitelli, S; Russo, Emanuele; Sadler, M
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