Herbicide mixing order

The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311

Screening of herbicide-resistant weeds in Oklahoma

The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311

Biochemical and physiological adjustments in common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) under low temperature stress

Low temperature is a restrictive factor for turfgrass growth and development in temperate regions. A study was conducted with the purpose of examining the physiological and antioxidant response of two turf species, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. ‘Starlett’ and Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. ‘California Origin’ to cold stress in a growth chamber at the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University. Five temperatures (25, 15, 7.5, 0 and -7.5°C) in four replicates were examined in a completely randomized design experiment. It was revealed that under low temperature stress, soluble sugar contents, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were increased in both turfgrasses. Antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), was increased as a result of temperature reduction from 25°C to 0°C. Tall fescue is thought to be better adapted to cold stress than common bermudagrass due to higher soluble sugar contents, proline, malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results show that scavenging enzymes have a direct effect in cold season tolerance of turfgrass and improve the defense mechanism of plants, but their exact role merits further investigation

Weedy mustards of Oklahoma

The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311

Single herbicides and herbicide premixes for use in winter wheat

The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311

Molecular identification of Palearctic members of Anopheles maculipennis in northern Iran

BACKGROUND: Members of Anopheles maculipennis complex are effective malaria vectors in Europe and the Caspian Sea region in northern Iran, where malaria has been re-introduced since 1994. The current study has been designed in order to provide further evidence on the status of species composition and to identify more accurately the members of the maculipennis complex in northern Iran. METHODS: The second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS2) was sequenced in 28 out of 235 specimens that were collected in the five provinces of East Azerbayjan, Ardebil, Guilan, Mazandaran and Khorassan in Iran. RESULTS: The length of the ITS2 ranged from 283 to 302 bp with a GC content of 49.33 – 54.76%. No intra-specific variations were observed. Construction of phylogenetic tree based on the ITS2 sequence revealed that the six Iranian members of the maculipennis complex could be easily clustered into three groups: the An. atroparvus – Anopheles labranchiae group; the paraphyletic group of An. maculipennis, An. messeae, An. persiensis; and An. sacharovi as the third group. CONCLUSION: Detection of three species of the An. maculipennis complex including An. atroparvus, An. messae and An. labranchiae, as shown as new records in northern Iran, is somehow alarming. A better understanding of the epidemiology of malaria on both sides of the Caspian Sea may be provided by applying the molecular techniques to the correct identification of species complexes, to the detection of Plasmodium composition in Anopheles vectors and to the status of insecticide resistance by looking to related genes