Types of Pathological Lesions in Breast Cancer in Babol Over 10 Years (2008 – 2017)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. A comprehensive study of breast cancer in different parts of a country can provide the information for evidence-based planning and, consequently, cost reduction for both the patient and the society. The aim of this study was to investigate the types of pathological lesions in cases of breast cancer diagnosed in Babol (a city in the north of Iran) over 10 years. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, all pathological reports on breast cancer that were recorded in Babol's pathology centers from 2008 to 2017 were studied. Demographic data, age of first menstruation, age of menopause, age of first delivery, history of breast cancer, history of ovarian and uterine cancer, history and duration of breastfeeding were collected and evaluated. FINDINGS: In this study, the frequency of breast cancer among diagnosed cases of cancer was reported to be 22.4%. 331 patients (99.1%) were female and 3 patients (0.9%) were male. 41.3% were in the age group of 41 – 50 years old. 26 patients (7.7%) had a history of breast cancer and 34 patients (10.1%) had a family history of breast cancer. 287 (85.9%) women had a history of breastfeeding. Ductal carcinoma was reported in 267 patients (79.9%). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, ductal carcinoma was reported as the most common type of pathology

The role of solution heat treatment on corrosion and mechanical behaviour of Mg-Zn biodegradable alloys

The mechanical properties and bio-corrosion behaviours of T4 solid solution heat-treated Mg–1.5Zn and Mg–9Zn alloys at 340°C under different heat treatment durations were investigated. In vitro corrosion behaviour of the heat-treated alloys immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) were measured by electrochemical, hydrogen evolution and mass loss tests. Surface examination and analytical studies were carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopy, EDX, and X-ray diffractometry. The results show that the grains size of both the alloys apparently remained unchanged after T4 treatment. T4 treatment at 340°C for 6?h slightly increased the strength and elongation of Mg–1.5Zn alloy while it significantly improved the strength and elongation of the Mg–9Zn alloy because of the presence of residual Mg51Zn20 and Mg12Zn13 secondary phase at the grain boundary. The results of electrochemical tests show that the corrosion rate of both the alloys decrease with increasing treatment temperature. The result also shows corrosion resistance of both the T4 tread alloys much better than that of as-cast samples. The corrosion mechanism exhibited that the occurrence of galvanic and pitting corrosion, which varied with the alloy composition and treatment time

2019 IUSTI‐Europe guideline for the management of anogenital warts

This guideline is an update of the 2011 European Guideline for the Management of Anogenital Warts. It is intended to support best practice in the care of patients with anogenital warts by including evidence-based recommendations on diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and advice to patients. It is intended for use by healthcare professionals in sexual healthcare or dermato-venereology clinics in Europe but may be adapted for use in other settings where the management of anogenital warts is undertaken. As a European guideline, recommendations should be adapted according to national circumstances and healthcare systems. Despite the availability of vaccine to prevent HPV types 6 and 11, the cause of >95% anogenital warts, they remain an important and frequent health problem. The previous systematic review of randomized controlled trials for anogenital warts was updated. The changes in the present guideline include the following: Updated background information on the prevalence, natural history and transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and anogenital warts. Key recommendations for diagnosis and treatment have been graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the quality of supporting evidence. 5-fluorouracil, local interferon and photodynamic therapy have been evaluated and included as potential second-line treatment options. Evidence of the impact of HPV vaccination on the incidence of anogenital warts has been updated