EMPOWERMENT VERSUS SOCIAL SECURITY

This paper is an opinion writer about community empowerment. The purpose of the opinion is to provide readers with an understanding that empowerment is an activity that focuses on changing client behavior so that they are able to exploit their potential as well as various capital injections and external working methods so that they can increase production, income and welfare. So empowerment is very different from social security, which is assistance only to channel the prepared budget. The method used is literature review and field conservation of several empowerment programs. The data analysis method is descriptive qualitative. The results obtained are that the empowerment that has been implemented so far is still limited to social and political assistance, on the contrary, it is not based on planning to change the behavior of millennials so that they can get out of underdevelopment and poverty

Meteorological factors in Earth-satellite propagation

Using the COMSTAR D/4 28.56 GHz beacon as a source, a differential gain experiment was performed by connecting a 5-meter paraboloidal antenna and a 0.6-meter paraboloidal antenna alternately to the same receiver. Substantial differential gain changes were observed during some, but not all, rain events. A site-diversity experiment was implemented which consists of two 28.56 GHz radiometers separated by 9 km. The look-angle corresponds to that of the D/4 beacon, and data were obtained with one radiometer during several weeks of concurrent beacon operation to verify the system calibration. A theoretical study of the effect of scattering from a nonuniform rain distribution along the path is under way to aid in interpreting the results of this experiment. An improved empirical site diversity-gain model was derived from data in the literature relating to 34 diversity experiments. Work on the experiment control and data acquisition system is continuing with a view toward future experiments

PERANAN KELOMPOK TANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PETANI PADI SAWAH DI KELURAHAN TUATUKA KECAMATAN KUPANG TIMUR KABUPATEN KUPANG

This research was carried out from August to October 2019. The aims of this study were 1) to find out the role of farmer groups in Tuatuka village, 2) to find out the income earning of rice farmer’s in Tuatuka Village, and 3) to find out the relationship between the role of farmer groups and the income of rice farmers. This research was conducted by survey method, the 97 respondents from 128 farmers were by Simple Random Sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively by using Likert Scale and Spearman correlation. The results were, 1)  the role of the paddy farmer groups in study site an average score as was 3,7 or 74,7%, it means that the learning class included the good category. As a collaboration working has an average of 3,60 or 72,0%, it means that a collaboration working included the good category. After that a unit were of production has an average of 2,85 or 57,03%. It means that, were production unit was included the moderate category.2) the average income of rice farmers in study site 2018 was Rp.10.383.703,- the highest income was Rp.21.562.300, and the lowest Rp. 5.103.100. and average in 2019 was Rp.11.845.444,- the highest was Rp. 23.262.444, and the lowest Rp. 6.102.700. 3)there is no relationship between the role of farmer groups and the incease in income earning of rice farmers in the study site

Permintaan Cabai Merah di Kota Kupang (The Demand Of Red Chili In Kupang City)

This study aims to determine; 1) the volume of demand for red chili, and 2) factors that influence the demand for red chili in Kupang City. Data collection was carried out from April to May 2020. The 61 respondents were interviewed purposively. Data collected was analyzed using multiple linear regression method with natural logarithm regression equations. The results of this study indicate that, The volume of demand for red chili by retailers was at least 15.040Kg/ month, the volume of demand for red chili by Padang restaurant consumers was 1,260Kg/ month, and the volume of demand for red chili by household consumers was at least 47.5Kg/ month. Consumers of Padang restaurants and households bought red chili peppers at retailers. The factors that influence the demand for red chili in Kupang City were the price of red chili, the price of cayenne pepper, the price of curly chili (when the price was high), and the income level. Demand for red chilies both normal price and higher price was inelastic. For Padang restaurants, cayenne pepper and curly chili were substitutes for red chilies, and red chili itself is included in the category of staple goods or normal goods. Factors that influence the demand for red chili from farmers by household consumers were the price of red chili and the level of family income. The demand for red chilies in household consumers was elastic, while cayenne pepper and curly chili were related to the demand for red chilies, although they were not significant complementary

PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PERAN PENYULUH DALAM TEKNIK PENGOLAHAN KOPI ARABIKA DI UPH PAPA WIU KELURAHAN MANGULEWA KECAMATAN GOLEWA BARAT KABUPATEN NGADA

This research was carried out at UPH Papa Wiu Sub Village Mangulewa District West Golewa District Ngada in February 2019. The purpose of this research were to know: (1) the perception of farmers on the extension role in the Arabica coffee processing technique at UPH Papa Wiu village Mangulewa District West Golewa District Ngada; (2) Constraints factors faced by farmers regarding coffee processing. The method used in this research was a survey. The respondent's selected by census system. The primary data and secondary data were used. The primary data was obtained from interviews with respondents which guided by the structured questionsner. While secondary data was obtained from the relevant agencies. The results are : 1) in general the perception of farmers toward the extension role of Arabica coffee processing techniques of study site is satisfaction with the average score of 3,9 or maximum score 78%. 2) Obstacles faced by farmers are lack of manpower, lack of equipment, and the high moisture of local environment affected the processing of coffee at UPH Papa Wiu obstructed

Studies on the Contact Sensitization of Man with Simple Chemicals

Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) coupled to peripheral blood erythrocytes or leukocytes forms a particulate complex, DNCB-antigen. The addition of DNCB-antigen induced blastogenesis and DNA synthesis in leukocyte cultures from DNCB-sensitized human subjects and not in leukocyte cultures from nonsensitized controls. In general, sensitized subjects who displayed a higher degree of cutaneous reactivity to DNCB, as manifested by duration and intensity of dermatitis, also showed a greater blastogenic response to DNCB-antigen in vitro. This quantitative correlation, however, was not invariant. Certain soluble factor(s), or lymphokines are released following the addition of DNCB-antigen to leukocyte cultures prepared from some sensitive subjects who were rechallenged one or more times with DNCB. These lymphokines induce blastogenesis in secondary target leukocyte populations from nonsensitized subjects. Extended studies are presented which show little or no lymphokine activity in peripheral blood leukocyte cultures during a primary immune response, despite high degrees of blastogenic activity in response to DNCB-antigen. Significant lymphokine activity was observed only following additional rechallenge with DNCB.Blastogenesis and skin reactivity specific for DNCB have been shown to develop at about the same time during a primary immune response. This, along with the quantitative correlation shown in this communication, suggests that both processes probably reflect thymic-dependent cellular immunity. The appearance of lymphokine activity following rechallenge with DNCB suggests that DNCB-induced lymphokines may represent an amplifying mechanism of the cellular immune response that involves recruitment of previously uncommitted lymphocytes

Beable trajectories for revealing quantum control mechanisms

The dynamics induced while controlling quantum systems by optimally shaped laser pulses have often been difficult to understand in detail. A method is presented for quantifying the importance of specific sequences of quantum transitions involved in the control process. The method is based on a ``beable'' formulation of quantum mechanics due to John Bell that rigorously maps the quantum evolution onto an ensemble of stochastic trajectories over a classical state space. Detailed mechanism identification is illustrated with a model 7-level system. A general procedure is presented to extract mechanism information directly from closed-loop control experiments. Application to simulated experimental data for the model system proves robust with up to 25% noise.Comment: Latex, 20 pages, 13 figure