Impairment of the oral stereognosis in the partial anterior open bite

The study was performed in 20 children with partial anterior open bite and in 20 children of a control group. Stereognosis was evaluated on the basis of correct recognition responses to silicone pieces of the different shapes. Pieces were put on the dorsal surface of the tongue close to its apex. It was evident that the stereognostic ability was impaired in children with anterior open bite. This ability also decreased after infiltration anaesthesia of the tongue. The study indicated that the tongue plays an important role in oral stereognosis

Higher order reconstructions of the Ge(001) surface induced by a Ba layer

Structural properties of Ba-induced reconstructions on a Ge(001) surface, based on atomic-resolution ultra high-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, are discussed. It is shown that while the Ba - Ge layer, which fully covers the surface, is dominated by a phase with an internal 2 × 3 periodicity, it also includes portions of higher order 2 × 6 and 4 × 3 surface reconstructions, always accompanied by 1D protrusions embedded into the dominating phase. Modelling the observed higher order structures, using the elementary cell of the 2 × 3 phase calculated within the density functional theory, is shown to reproduce the experimental data very well. As such the higher order reconstructions can be treated as local defects of the dominating 2 × 3 phase

STM and DFT study on formation and characterization of Ba-incorporated phases on a Ge(001) surface

We characterize the incorporation of Ba adatoms into the Ge(001) surface, resulting in the formation of one-dimensional structures with an internal 2×3 periodicity, after the deposition of Ba atoms at 970 K or at room temperature followed by a 770 K anneal. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) data were compared with theoretically simulated STM images generated by density functional theory electronic structure calculations. Excellent agreement between experiment and simulation was found when using an adopted structural model that assumes partial removal of the surface Ge dimers in the [1–10] surface direction and subsequent addition of a single Ba atom to the substrate second layer. Structural assignments for a number of defects observed within regions of the 2×3 reconstruction were also obtained

Initial growth of Ba on Ge(001): An STM and DFT study

An ordered alkaline-earth submonolayer on a clean Si(001) surface provides a template for growth of the atomically sharp, crystalline Si-oxide interface that is ubiquitous in the semiconductor device industry. It has been suggested that submonolayers of Sr or Ba on Ge(001) could play a similar role as on structurally identical Si(001), overcoming known limitations of the Ge(001) substrate such as amorphization of its oxidation layers. In this paper the initial stage of the Ba oxidation process, i.e., adsorption and organization of Ba atoms on the Ge(001) surface as a function of temperature (270−770 K) for coverage 1.0 monolayer (ML) and 0.15−0.4 ML, is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT). Three types of features have been identified on the Ba-covered Ge(001) surface. They originate from isolated Ba adatoms, isolated Ba ad-dimers, and the Ba ad-dimers assembled into short-range, randomly distributed chains that run across the Ge dimer rows. We find from both STM measurements and DFT calculations that the latter is the dominant structure on Ge(001) with increasing coverage

Design, Production and First Commissioning Results of the Electrical Feedboxes of the LHC

A total of 44 CERN designed cryogenic electrical feedboxes are needed to power the LHC superconducting magnets. The feedboxes include more than 1000 superconducting circuits fed by high temperature superconductor and conventional current leads ranging from 120 A to 13 kA. In addition to providing the electrical current to the superconducting circuits, they also ensure specific mechanical and cryogenic functions for the LHC. The paper focuses on the main design aspects and related production operations and gives an overview of specific technologies employed. Results of the commissioning of the feedboxes of the first LHC sectors are presented

Design, production and first commissioning results of the electrical feedboxes of the LHC

A total of 44 CERN designed cryogenic electrical feedboxes are needed to power the LHC superconducting magnets. The feedboxes include more than 1000 superconducting circuits fed by high temperature superconductor and conventional current leads ranging from 120 A to 13 kA. In addition to providing the electrical current to the superconducting circuits, they also ensure specific mechanical and cryogenic functions for the LHC. The paper focuses on the main design aspects and related production operations and gives an overview of specific technologies employed. Results of the commissioning of the feedboxes of the first LHC sectors are presented

Is diagnosing exposed dentine a suitable tool for grading erosive loss?

Quantifying tooth wear in general and erosion in particular mostly is made by distinguishing between lesions restricted to enamel and lesions reaching the underlying dentine. Various scores for grading have been used, but in all systems, higher scores are given in cases of exposed dentine, thus, indicating a more severe stage of the condition. Clinical diagnosis of exposed dentine is made by assessing changes in colour or optical properties of the hard tissues. This paper aims to review the literature and discuss critically problems arising form this approach. It appears that classifying the severity of erosion by the area or depth of exposed dentine is difficult and poorly reproducible, and taking into account the variation of enamel thickness, the amount of tissue lost often is not related simply to the area of exposed dentine. There has still been very little longitudinal investigation of the significance of exposed dentine as a prognostic indicator. Further work and discussion is needed to reevaluate the explanative power of current grading procedures