\u3ci\u3eAeschynomene\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eCarpon Desmodium\u3c/i\u3e: Legumes for Bahiagrass Pasture in Florida

Soils and climate are very diverse across Florida, and no single legume has state-wide adaptation. However, aeschynomene (Aeschynomene americana), an annual, and carpon desmodium (Desmodium heterocarpon) cv. Florida, a perennial, are the most commonly used legumes for grazing on the central and southern peninsula, which produces 65% of Florida\u27s beef calves. Both grow well with bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), which is the main pasture grass, with ~1M ha state-wide. Circa 65K ha of bahiagrass contain at least limited quantities of aeschynomene and 14K ha contain carpon desmodium

Defoliation of Paspalum atratum during the growing season affects tiller and plant density the following spring

Abstract Atra paspalum (Paspalum atratum

Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on Recovery of \u3ci\u3eSynergistes jonesii\u3c/i\u3e from Rumen Fluid and Feces

Synergistes jonesii is a rumen bacterium that degrades 3,4-dihydroxypyridine (3,4 DHP), the toxic breakdown product of mimosine in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala). Fecal culture is the most practical way to determine S. jonesii presence in zoological ruminants, particularly if feces can be collected from night penning facilities. Fresh rumen fluid and fecal or fecal slurry (sheep [Ovis spp.] only, 1:4 wt to vol. feces and culture media) from cattle (Bos spp.) and sheep, known to be colonized by S. jonesii, were subjected various storage times (0, 6, 12, and 24 h) and temperatures (5, 23, and 38 oC). Samples were inoculated into a culture medium that contained 3,4 DHP. In general, storage temperature had no affect on detection frequency. Regardless of animal species, detection of S. jonesii was higher (P=0.001) in rumen (97%) than in fecal (40%) samples and level of detection in rumen samples was relatively unaffected by storage time. Detection frequency was similar for both fecal sample types regardless of time (34% fecal vs. 29% fecal slurry). For all fecal samples, detection frequency generally exhibited a linear decline (P=0.01) with time. This study showed that it will be important to collect fresh fecal samples (\u3c 6-h old) from night penning facilities, and because detection levels were low in fecal material, fecal assay would be most accurate on a whole herd rather than an individual animal basis

A Versatile Livestock Enclosure for Pasture Research

This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management, the National Agricultural Library, and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform March 202

Distribution of Dry Matter and Chemical Constituents in Plant Parts of Four Florida Native Grasses

Because of the selective nature of grazing livestock, the use of whole plant samples to estimate the nutritional potential of forages may be misleading. During this 2-year study, the distribution of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were determined in the individual leaf blades, leaf sheaths, nodes plus internodes, and infloresences of creeping bluestem (Schizachyrium stoloniferum), lopsided indiangrass (Sorghastrum secundum), maidencane (Panicum hemitomon), and wiregrass (Aristida stricta) when they were in the anthesis stage of maturity. Most of the DM was in the nodes plus internodes (avg. 45%), while the leaf blades (avg. 18%) generally made up the smallest amount of the total plant DM. In a progression from the bottom to top of the plant the CP, IVOMD, and most of the mineral concentration of the different leaf blades, sheaths, and nodes plus internodes increased. Crude protein, IVOMD, and most of the minerals of the grasses were higher in leaf blades, followed by sheaths, and nodes plus internodes. When compared with other grasses, maidencane had a higher proportion of CP and minerals in the leaves and nodes plus internodes and a higher percentage of plant weight in these parts. Wiregrass was found to be similar to creeping bluestem and indiangrass in CP and most minerals, but IVOMD of wiregrass parts were lower. Dietary requirements for dry, pregnant cows for P, N, Mg, and Cu might not be met by any part of the 4 grasses, while apparently adequate levels of Fe, Mn, and Zn could be provided by each part. Leaf blades and infloresences had sufficient Ca concentrations for dry pregnant cows.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Shifts in botanical composition of flatwoods range following fertilization

Three annual applications of a factorial combination of N (0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha-1), P (0, 25 kg ha-1) and K (0, 100 kg ha-1) were applied to Florida flatwoods range where 45 plant species were initially present. Addition of P and K had no effect (P > 0.05) on indices of plant diversity, density, or above-ground biomass. Both Shannon's (Y = 1.6 - 0.005N, where N is kg ha-1) and Simpson's index (Y = 0.28 + 0.002N) indicated diversity decreased with increasing N because the community was being dominated by goldenrods (Solidago fistulosa and Euthamia minor) and dogfennel (Eupatorium spp.). Density of all fortes increased with increasing N (1990 plants m-2 = 17.4 + 0.4N and 1991 plants m-2 = 35.1 + 1.4N). Density of beaked panicum (Panicum rhizomatum) increased quadratically with increasing N, while density of decumbent carpetgrasses (Axonopus spp.) and low panicums (Dichanthelium spp.) declined linearly. Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus), wiregrass (Aristida stricta), and bottlebrush 3-awn (A. spiciformis) were eliminated from the site. Above-ground biomass of fortes increased with N (1988 kg ha-1 = 934 + 16.1N and 1990 kg ha-1 = 227 + 60.6N). Grass and grasslike biomass increased linearly as N increased, but N effects were independent of year, which were different (1988 = 1,530 kg ha-1 and 1990 = 2,140 kg ha-1). The plant community at this location became less diverse when the naturally low soil N was increased by 40 kg ha-1 or more. Early successional species replaced later successional species, especially creeping bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium).The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202