Fuzzy Hypergraphs

Graph theory has found many application area in science, engineering, and mathematics. In order to expand the application base, the notion of a graph was generalized to that of a hypergraph, that is, a set X of vertices together with a collection of subsets of X. In this chapter, we fuzzify the notation of a hypergraph and state some possible applications. In this article, we apply the concept of bipolar fuzzy sets to hypergraphs and investigate some basic theorems and some properties of bipolar fuzzy hypergraphs. Some basic concepts of bipolar fuzzy set are defined. It is shown that any bipolar fuzzy graph can be expressed as the bipolar fuzzy intersection graphs of some bipolar fuzzy sets

CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEX METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ETORICOXIB IN TABLETS

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method employing acid-dye technique was developed for the estimation of etoricoxib in pharmaceutical dosage form. The proposed method is based on the formation of ion-pair complex of etoricoxib with an acid dye, which is extracted into chloroform and the absorbance measured at the λmax of the complex. The λmax of the ion-pair complex was found to be 414nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 10-80 µg/ml .The proposed method is statistically validated and found to be useful for the routine determination of etoricoxib in tablets. Keywords: Etoricoxib, Spectrophotometry, Charge transfer complex, Tablets, Validation

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FTIR Spectroscopic Method for Quantitative Analysis of Etoricoxib in Tablets

ABSTRACT A rapid FTIR spectroscopic method has been proposed for the estimation of Etoricoxib in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. The method involves the measurement of the area of the infrared band corresponding to the S=O stretching centered at 1049 cm-1 .The excipients in the commercial tablet preparation did not interfere with the assay. The linearity range was found to be 100-350 µg/ml. The technique is reliable and useful for quality control for monitoring the adulteration of pure drug. The proposed method is statistically validated and found to be useful for the routine determination of etoricoxib in tablets

Profile of bioactive compounds in Rosmarinus officinalis

Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) have contributed to the development of drugs for diverse indications. Worldwide interest in use of PBNPs has been growing, and its beneficial effects being rediscovered for the development of drug leads. Literature survey on indigenous traditional knowledge bestows ethnopharmacological potentials of PBNPs, has inspired research in drug design and discovery; PBNPs provide a baseline for the development of novel drug leads against various pharmacological targets. Reports indicate that rosemary essential oil (ROEO) extracts show biological bioactivities such as hepatoprotective, antifungal, insecticide, antioxidant and antibacterial. However, their application is limited because of their odor, color and taste. Phytochemical screening indicates the presence of phenol, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, saponins, coumarins, terpenoids, quinones, steroids. Owing to widespread applications of phyto-compounds in ROEO - GCMS was performed. GCMS analysis detected the presence of 22 compounds (α-Pinene, Camphene, β-Myrcene, α-Terpinine, p-Cymene, trans-3-Caren-2-ol, 1,8-Cineole, γ-Terpinene, α-Terpinolene, Linalool, Isopulegol, Eucalyptol, Terpinen-4-ol, 2-Naphthalenol, (-)-Myrtenol, Verbenone, Terpine, α-Copaene, β-Caryophyllene, γ-Cadinene, Caryophyllene oxide) of which 6 compounds (α-Pinene, p-Cymene, Isopulegol, Eucalyptol, 2-Naphthalenol, Terpine) were in abundant. These compounds have been prospected for their molecular and biological properties in the present study. Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis; Rosemary Essential Oils (ROEO); GCMS; Bioprospecting; PBNP

In-silico Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination and Toxicity profile of Isopulegol from Rosmarinus officinalis

Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) have contributed to the development of many drugs for diverse indications. Worldwide interest in use of plants based natural products (PBNPs) has been growing, and its beneficial effects being rediscovered for the development of new drugs. Literature survey on indigenous traditional knowledge bestows ethnopharmacological potentials of PBNPs, which has inspired research in drug discovery; further it provides a baseline for the development of novel drug leads against selected pharmacological targets. Studies report that rosemary essential oil (ROEO) extracts have hepatoprotective, antifungal, insecticide, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, their application is limited because of their odor, color and taste. Owing to the widespread applications of phyto-compounds in ROEO - GCMS was performed. GCMS analysis detected 22 compounds of which 6 compounds were in abundant. In the present study, isopulegol - a Prenol Lipid (Monoterpenoid) from Rosmarinus officinalis has been ADMET characterized from biomedical application point of view. Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis; Rosemary officinalis Essential Oils (ROEO); Pharmacological Activity; ADMET; GCMS

In-silico ADMET Pharmacoinformatics of Geraniol (3,7-dimethylocta-trans-2,6-dien-1-ol) - acyclic monoterpene alcohol drug from Leaf Essential Oil of Cymbopogon martinii from Sirumalai Hills (Eastern Ghats), INDIA

Cymbopogon martinii is a grass from genus Cymbopogon (lemongrasses) native to India, but widely cultivated in other places for its aromatic essential oil. C. martinii known as Palmarosa smells sweet with rose-like odor. Geraniol, a terpene alcohol present in Cymbopogon martinii essential oil (CMEO) is much valued for its typical aroma and medicinal uses. In addition to the pleasant odor, Geraniol is known for fungicidal, nematicidal, acaricidal, insecticidal, repellent properties hence, used as Natural Pest Control Agent (NPCA) exhibiting low toxicity. Furthermore, geraniol has been suggested to exemplify a new class of chemoprevention agents in the treatment of cancer. Biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and vascular effects have been investigated. In the present study, GCMS based in-silico ADMET pharmacoinformatics aspects (Physicochemical, Lipophilicity, Medicinal Chemistry, Druglikeness, Absorption, Water Solubility, Distribution, Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics, Excretion, Environmental Toxicity, Tox21 Pathway and Toxicophore Rules) with PASS prediction of geraniol from CMEO has been bioprospected from human health perspective point of view. Keywords: GCMS; ADMET; Pharmacoinformatics; Geraniol; Essential Oil; Cymbopogon martinii; Palmarosa; CMEO; PBNPs; Sirumalai Hills; Eastern Ghat

Effect of Chemical and Non-Chemical Weed Management Practices in Direct Seeded Rice

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Paiyur, Tamil Nadu, India during the Summer of 2022 to study the effect of herbicide combination and non-chemical weed management techniques in puddled direct seeded rice. The experiment was laidout in a randomized block design with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments include Pre emergence (PE) Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 20 g ha-1, Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 70% WDG @ 21 g ha-1, Post emergence (PoE) Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 25 g ha-1, Power weeder, Hand weeding (HW), Weed free and Weedy check. The results revealed that, among different weed control treatments, PE application of Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 20 g ha-1 on 3 DAS fb (PoE) Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 25 g ha-1 on 20 DAS fb Power weeder at 30 DAS fb Hand weeding at 45 DAS (T5) recorded higher grain yield of 5422 kg ha-1 and B: C ratio of 2.35. The higher weed control efficiency of 83.52 % and 55.47 % was recorded at 30 and 60 DAS. Hence,it can be concluded that combination of PE (Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 20 g ha-1 on 3 DAS) and POE (Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 25 g ha-1 on 20 DAS) herbicides along with non-chemical weed management technique (power weeder at 30 DAS and HW at 45 DAS) was found to be effective for weed control in direct seeded puddled lowland rice to deal with the issues of labour shortage and weed infestation faced by farmers

Anti-cancerous Activities of Anthocyanins of Banana cv. Nendran (Musa sp.) Flower Bracts against Human Colon and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines.

Anti-cancerous properties of anthocyanins extracted from banana (cv. Nendran) bract has been discussed.A comparative study on the anticancer effects of anthocyanins derived from banana cv. Nendran flower bracts against human colon (HT-29) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells were investigated. In vitro assays by MTT, AO/EtBr and MMP revealed that anthocyanins extract inhibited the growth of both HT-29 and HeLa cells. The percentage of cell viability decreased linearly with the increment of anthocyanins. The IC50 values for anthocyanins were 41.18 µg/ml for colon cancer cells and 46.50 µg/ml for cervical cancer cells by MTT assay. The MMP assay indicated IC50 values of 71.18 and 106.5 µg/ml respectively for HT-29 cells and HeLa cells. The study demonstrates that anthocyanins of banana flower bracts are potential anti-cancerous compounds.ICA