Investigations of the pi N total cross sections at high energies using new FESR: log nu or (log nu)^2

We propose to use rich informations on pi p total cross sections below N= 10 GeV in addition to high-energy data in order to discriminate whether these cross sections increase like log nu or (log nu)^2 at high energies, since it is difficult to discriminate between asymptotic log nu and (log nu)^2 fits from high-energy data alone. A finite-energy sum rule (FESR) which is derived in the spirit of the P' sum rule as well as the n=1 moment FESR have been required to constrain the high-energy parameters. We then searched for the best fit of pi p total cross sections above 70 GeV in terms of high-energy parameters constrained by these two FESR. We can show from this analysis that the (log nu)^2 behaviours is preferred to the log nu behaviours.Comment: to be published in Phys. Rev. D 5 pages, 2 eps figure

New limits on "odderon" amplitudes from analyticity constraints

In studies of high energy $pp$ and $\bar pp$ scattering, the odd (under crossing) forward scattering amplitude accounts for the difference between the $pp$ and $\bar pp$ cross sections. Typically, it is taken as $f_-=-\frac{p}{4\pi}Ds^{\alpha-1}e^{i\pi(1-\alpha)/2}$ ($\alpha\sim 0.5$), which has $\Delta\sigma, \Delta\rho\to0$ as $s\to\infty$, where $\rho$ is the ratio of the real to the imaginary portion of the forward scattering amplitude. However, the odd-signatured amplitude can have in principle a strikingly different behavior, ranging from having $\Delta\sigma\to$non-zero constant to having $\Delta\sigma \to \ln s/s_0$ as $s\to\infty$, the maximal behavior allowed by analyticity and the Froissart bound. We reanalyze high energy $pp$ and $\bar pp$ scattering data, using new analyticity constraints, in order to put new and precise limits on the magnitude of ``odderon'' amplitudes.Comment: 13 pages LaTex, 6 figure

Regge-cascade hadronization

We argue that the evolution of coloured partons into colour-singlet hadrons has approximate factorization into an extended parton-shower phase and a colour-singlet resonance--pole phase. The amplitude for the conversion of colour connected partons into hadrons necessarily resembles Regge-pole amplitudes since qq-bar resonance amplitudes and Regge-pole amplitudes are related by duality. A `Regge-cascade' factorization property of the N-point Veneziano amplitude provides further justification of this protocol. This latter factorization property, in turn, allows the construction of general multi-hadron amplitudes in amplitude-squared factorized form from (1->2) link amplitudes. We suggest an algorithm with cascade-decay configuration, ordered in the transverse momentum, suitable for Monte-Carlo simulation. We make a simple implementation of this procedure in Herwig++, obtaining some improvement to the description of the event-shape distributions at LEP.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure

Flavour structure of low-energy hadron pair photoproduction

We consider the process $\gamma\gamma\to H_1\bar H_2$ where $H_1$ and $H_2$ are either mesons or baryons. The experimental findings for such quantities as the $p\bar p$ and $K_SK_S$ differential cross sections, in the energy range currently probed, are found often to be in disparity with the scaling behaviour expected from hard constituent scattering. We discuss the long-distance pole--resonance contribution in understanding the origin of these phenomena, as well as the amplitude relations governing the short-distance contribution which we model as a scaling contribution. When considering the latter, we argue that the difference found for the $K_SK_S$ and the $K^+K^-$ integrated cross sections can be attributed to the s-channel isovector component. This corresponds to the $\rho\omega\to a$ subprocess in the VMD (vector-meson-dominance) language. The ratio of the two cross sections is enhanced by the suppression of the $\phi$ component, and is hence constrained. We give similar constraints to a number of other hadron pair production channels. After writing down the scaling and pole--resonance contributions accordingly, the direct summation of the two contributions is found to reproduce some salient features of the $p\bar p$ and $K^+K^-$ data.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, revised version to be published in EPJ

QCD Corrections to Toponium Production at Hadron Colliders

Toponium production at future hadron colliders is investigated. Perturbative QCD corrections to the production cross section for gluon fusion are calculated as well as the contributions from gluon-quark and quark-antiquark collisions to the total cross section. The dependence on the renormalization and factorization scales and on the choice of the parton distribution functions is explored. QCD corrections to the branching ratio of $\eta_{t}$ into $\gamma\gamma$ are included and the two-loop QCD potential is used to predict the wave function at the origin. The branching ratio of $\eta_{t}$ into $\gamma Z$, $ZZ$, $HZ$ and $WW$ is compared with the $\gamma\gamma$ channel.Comment: 16 pages (latex) 9 figures (postscript) available upon request, TTP92-3

Effects to Scalar Meson Decays of Strong Mixing between Low and High Mass Scalar Mesons

We analyze the mass spectroscopy of low and high mass scalar mesons and get the result that the coupling strengths of the mixing between low and high mass scalar mesons are very strong and the strengths of mixing for $I=1, 1/2$ scalar mesons and those of I=0 scalar mesons are almost same. Next, we analyze the decay widths and decay ratios of these mesons and get the results that the coupling constants $A'$ for $I=1, 1/2$ which represents the coupling of high mass scalar meson $N'$ -> two pseudoscalar mesons $PP$ are almost same as the coupling $A'$ for the I=0. On the other hand, the coupling constant $A$ for $I=1, I=1/2$ which represents the low mass scalar meson $N$ -> $PP$ are far from the coupling constant $A$ for I=0. We consider a resolution for this discrepancy. Coupling constant $A''$ for glueball $G$ -> $PP$ is smaller than the coupling $A'$. $\theta_P$ is $40^\circ \sim 50^\circ$.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Outcrop Groundwater Prospecting, Drilling, and Well Construction in Hard Rocks in Semi-arid Regions

This chapter presents some recommendations for prospecting, drilling and well construction in hard rocks in semi-arid regions. Considering that these conditions are present in many countries where technology is not always available, the chapter concentrates on the most basic and simple methods to plan where best to drill and maximize success through the direct observation of rock types, weathering and fracturing. The advantage for the geologist and hydrogeologist in an arid or semi-arid environment is that vegetation is normally scarce and the weathering layer thin, allowing a direct view of the rock in circumstances impossible in other climate regions of the world. The close observation of the weathering material, and especially of the fracture network, mainly the fracture density, dip, extension and interconnection, can provide important information for a field hydrogeologist who can then plan the best place for drilling. The most appropriate drilling technique, if available in the area, is rotary percussion, also designated as down-the-hole drilling, with drilling rates that can achieve 100 m per day in normal circumstances. This allows a well to be constructed in about two days, essential in the case of disaster relief. Finally, some information is given about well construction, careful planning of the work, protection to preserve the water quality, avoiding problems of partial or total collapse of the hole during construction or of the well and after completion, and how to avoid direct contact between the surface or sub-surface waters with the aquifer along the walls of the well to protect the well and the aquifer against contamination

Asymptotic Energy Dependence of Hadronic Total Cross Sections from Lattice QCD

The nonperturbative approach to soft high-energy hadron-hadron scattering, based on the analytic continuation of Wilson-loop correlation functions from Euclidean to Minkowskian theory, allows to investigate the asymptotic energy dependence of hadron-hadron total cross sections in lattice QCD. In this paper we will show, using best fits of the lattice data with proper functional forms satisfying unitarity and other physical constraints, how indications emerge in favor of a universal asymptotic high-energy behavior of the kind B log^2 s for hadronic total cross sections.Comment: Revised and extended version; 29 pages, 4 figure

Moments of the Proton F2 Structure Function at Low Q2

The Q^2 dependence of inclusive electron-proton scattering F_2 structure function data in both the nucleon resonance region and the deep inelastic region, at momentum transfers below 5 (GeV/c)^2, is investigated. Moments of F_2 are constructed, down to momentum transfers of Q^2 ~ 0.1 (GeV/c)^2. The second moment is only slowly varying with Q^2 down to Q^2 ~ 1 (GeV/c)^2, which is a reflection of duality. Below Q^2 of 1 (GeV/c)^2, the Q^2 dependence of the moments is predominantly governed by the elastic contribution, whereas the inelastic channels still seem governed by local duality.Comment: 11 page paper, 1 LaTeX file, 10 postscript figure file

Mechanism for a next-to-lowest lying scalar meson nonet

Recent work suggests the existence of a non-conventional lowest-lying scalar nonet containing the a0(980). Then the a0(1450) and also the K0*(1430) are likely candidates to belong to a conventional p-wave $q \bar q$ nonet. However a comparison of their properties with those expected on this basis reveals a number of puzzling features. It is pointed out that these puzzles can be resolved in a natural and robust way by assuming a ``bare'' conventional p-wave scalar $q \bar q$ nonet to mix with a lighter four quark $qq \bar q \bar q$ scalar nonet to form new ``physical'' states. The essential mechanism is driven by the fact that the isospinor is lighter than the isovector in the unmixed $qq \bar q \bar q$ multiplet.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure