Novel Stepped Impedance Microstrip Bandpass Filters for Radar Applications

In this paper, the design and realization of A Novel Microstrip Stepped Impedance Resonator Bandpass Filters with two selected center frequencies (f0) 12GHz and 16GHz presented. For The design of Band pass Filters “Rogers 6035HTC" substrate material with relative dielectric constant of 3.55, Standard thickness of 0.020” (0.508mm), thickness of pec is 0.035mm and simulated on High Frequency System Simulator (HFSS). Both the designed filters performances are discussed and compared with literature. The designed Stepped Impedance microstrip BPFs have insertion loss of <1dB with the optimal average performance of 37% and 32% FBW, and return losses are 47 dB and 32dB, which is reported better when compared with the reference designs

Case series of Foley’s induction in patients with previous caesarean

Background: The objective of this study was to study the efficacy of intracervical Foley’s catheter induction in women with previous history of caesarean section and to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome of these pregnancies.Methods: It is a prospective analysis of 30 patients whose labour was induced by intracervical Foley’s bulb for VBAC delivery. This study was conducted in KIMS, Hubli. Age, parity, indication of previous caesarean, inter-pregnancy interval and outcome of index pregnancy were studied in detail and analysed.Results: 30 women with previous history of caesarean were included into the study. Various indications of induction during index pregnancies were- post-datism, IUGR, intra-uterine foetal demise and severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Out of 30 women, 18 (60%) had successful VBAC delivery, 12 (40%) underwent repeat LSCS. 19 cases needed augmentation of labour. Indications for caesarean section were failed induction in 5 (16.6%) women, threatened scar rupture in 3 (10%), non-progress of labour in 2 (6.6%) and meconium stained amniotic fluid in 2 (6.6%). No cases of uterine rupture or maternal mortality was noted in the study.Conclusions: In our study the rate of vaginal birth was 60% without major maternal complications. Hence intracervical Foley’s catheter is an effective, safe and acceptable for labour induction in women with previous caesarean

ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES FROM GARDEN SOIL OF SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

Objectives: To isolate and screen Actinomycetes with anti bacterial and antifungal activity from garden soil samples of Sathyabama University, Chennai.Methods: Six soil samples were collected, serially diluted and plated on starch casein agar supplemented with nalidixic acid and cyclohexamide for inhibition of bacteria and fungi, respectively. Primary screening of actinomycetes isolates was done by following cross streak method against test organisms. Submerged fermentation was followed for the production of crude antibiotics. Agar well diffusion method was done to determine the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract. The MIC also quantified for the crude extract by microtiter plate assay. The promising isolate was characterized by conventional methods.Results: On primary screening 13 out of 22 actinomycete isolates (59%) showed potential antimicrobial activity against one or more test bacteria and/or fungus.  The isolate BN8 shows antagonistic activity against all the tested bacteria and fungi, isolates BN5 and BN16 were active against only bacteria not fungi, and Isolate BN2 was active against all tested fungi. The zone of inhibition was measured by using the crude extracts of all the four isolates. The crude extract produced by isolate BN8 showed zone on inhibition against all the tested bacterium in 100 µg/ml against Pseudomonas aeroginosa (22mm), Klebsiella pneumonia (25mm), Bacillus cereus (20mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22mm),  Escherichia coli (15mm),  Aspergillus flavus (14mm),  Aspergillus niger (20mm),   Aspergillus fumicatus (10mm) respectively. The crude extracts of isolates BN2, BN5, BN16 were not exhibited any zone of inhibition against the test microbes on agar well diffusion assay. The MIC of crude extract against Pseudomonas aeroginosa (50 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus(25 μg/ml), Klebsiella pneumonia (25 μg/ml) and Bacillus cereus(25 μg/ml) . The MIC value of the crude extract against the bacterium Escherichia coli was 12.5 μg/ml. The MIC of 12.5 μg/ml was observed in the crude extract against Aspergillus flavus, 25 μg/ml against Aspergillus niger, and 50 μg/ml against Aspergillus fumicatus respectively.Conclusion: This groundwork concluded that the soil samples of Sathyabama University have actinomycetes with metabolites inhibits bacterial and fungal pathogens. One of the promising isolate was identified which active against the test bacteria and fungi. The crude metabolite exhibits very large zone of inhibition when compared to the control antibiotic. The type of antimicrobial agents produced by the isolate and the phylogenic relationship of the isolate has to be investigated as well

Comparative study of mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone in induction of labour in late intrauterine fetal death

Background: Intrauterine fetal death is most undesirable consequence of pregnancy and stressful condition for women and family and for health professional. Naturally, majority of women (over 90%) go in for spontaneous labour and deliver within 3 weeks of intrauterine death. Prolonged retention of dead fetus in utero has complications like DIC, psychological stress and infection. Various methods are available to induce labor in intrauterine fetal death. One such regimen is medical management using a combination of Mifepristone and Misoprostol. The objective of this study was to compare efficacy and safety of combination of mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol only in induction of labour in late intrauterine fetal death.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in KIMS, Hubli between Jan 2014 to Dec 2015.Data from 100 women with intrauterine fetal death between gestational age of 24-42 weeks were analysed. They were divided into 2 groups of 50 each. Group I received single oral dose of 200mg mifepristone followed 24 hours later with oral misoprostol (100µg-50µg) every 4 hourly. Group II received only misoprostol. Outcomes were measured in terms of induction to delivery interval and number of misoprostol doses required.Results: Mean induction to delivery interval in Group I was 8.3 hours versus13.4 hours in Group II. Induction delivery interval was shorter in combined regimen. Total dose of misoprostol was also less in Group I.Conclusions: Both regimens are safe for induction of labour in late intrauterine fetal death. However, the induction delivery interval and dose of misoprostol required was decreased in combination regimen

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI FROM INFECTED PLANT PARTS

Objective: The present study deals with the isolation and identification of phytopathogenic fungi. The fungal isolates were Alternaria spp (Tomato early blight), Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt), Fusarium solani (daming off and root rot), Aspergillus flavus (Ear rot) and Collectotricumspp (Anthracnose).Methods: They were isolated from infected plant parts and were identified on the basis of colony morphology andlacto phenol cotton blue (LPCB) stains were used to identifymicroscopic examination of spore structures. Pure cultures of the isolates were sub cultured and transferred onto differential media; potato dextrose agar, malt extract agar, czapek yeast extract agar and czapek dox agar for species identification using macro morphological characteristicsThe morphological characteristics of these fungal elements showed various kinds of spores have been identified up to genus/species level.Results: This study proves rapid and less expensive techniques to validate a primary alarm of contamination.Conclusion: The fivefungus which were isolated from different plant parts were very effective in distruction of the plant and found that the producionwere reduced due to the infection. This rapid and less expensive techniques to validate a primary alarm of contamination

Testing on weak form efficiency & Volatility of FMCG sector: The evidence from National stock exchange

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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ACTINOBACTERIA WITH A POTENTIAL TO INHIBIT RICE BLAST FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE ORYZAE (ANAMORPH PYRICULARIA ORYZAE)

Objective: The aims of the present study were to screen the actinobacteria with high potential ability to produce secondary metabolites that have inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic fungi, Magnaporthe oryzae. Production of secondary metabolites was analysis by thin-layer chromatography and bioautography assay. Methods: Screening and selection of potential Streptomyces sp. morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical characterization of the screened isolate was carried out. Antifungal compound was confirmed by bioautography assay. Results: Bioautography method use in this study was found to be antifungal fraction from the crude extract. Antifungal secondary metabolites can be readily located on the plates by observing clear zones where active compounds inhibit fungal growth. Conclusion: The bioautography assay shows that this isolates can produce antifungal compound. Therefore, this isolate proves to be a promising microbe which can be further studied for its applications a biocontrol agent against rice blast fungi

Pathogenesis of Anti-HIV Drug (TENOFOVIR) Induced Renal Damage: Possible Roles of Oxidative Stress, Nitrosative Stress And Nf-Κb Pathway

Tenofovir is one of the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of HIV. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) (Viread) is an analog of adenosine monophosphate, manufactured by Gilead Sciences (San Francisco, California, USA) and it was approved by the US, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 26th, 2001 for treatment against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a fumaric acid salt of bis-isopropoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester derivative of tenofovir and it was also formerly called as bis(POC)-PMPA (9-(R)-{2-(phosphonomethoxy) propyl}adenine. Recently, tenofovir was also approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection on August 11th, 2008. The present study is aimed at elucidation of mechanism of Tenofovir induced renal damage and methods to minimize the damage, using a rat model. The objectives are to 1. Standardize a rat model of Tenofovir nephrotoxicity 2. Assess the effect of tenofovir on mitochondrial structure and function in the kidney. 3. Investigate the roles of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress in tenofovir induced renal damage. 4. Investigate the role of NF-κB activation and its target genes, PARP activation in tenofovir induced renal damage. 5. Study the effect of melatonin, a potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory agent and NF-κB inhibitor on tenofovir - induced renal damage. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a commonly used drug for the treatment of AIDS. However, the usage of the drug is often limited by its nephrotoxicity after long time usage ( 2-9 years). Tenofovir and related nucleotide analogs have primarily been associated with proximal tubular dysfunction and acute kidney injury. Tenofovir targets the proximal tubular mitochondria. However, the mechanism of TDF induced mitochondrial damage and consequence of mitochondrial damage is not known