One-pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles with N,N,N’,N’-Tetrachlorobenzene-1,3-disulphonamide and N,N’-Diiodo-N,N’-1,2-ethanediylbis(p-toluenesulphonamide) as Novel Catalytic Reagents

In this research, N,N,N’N’-tetrachlorobenzene-1,3-disulphonamide as novel catalytic reagent and N,N’-diiodo-N,N’-1,2-ethanediylbis(p-toluenesulphonamide) as new catalyst were used for the synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. These reusable reagents were compared with existing reagents and it is clear that this study is a welcome addition in the field of pyrrole synthesis.Keywords: Pyrroles, Paal-Knorr reaction, TCBDA, NIBTS, catalytic reagen

Comparison of survival and larvae physiological resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, fed with live food (rotifer and Artemia urmiana) and concentrated food

Anemia nauplii and rotifier are considered as the most important live food in aquaculture because of their high nutritional quality, suitable size and mobility. The survival rate and resistance of white shrimp (Litopenaus vannamei) postlarvae fed by Artemia urmiana, Brachinus plicatilis and concentrated food were investigated. Larvae at the stage of Protozoae 1 were stocked in 14 liters plastic containers filled by 6 liters of water. There were 75 larvae per liter in each container. The larvae were fed in 3 treatments: T1 (rotifier), T2 (Artemia) and T3 (concentrated food). Each treatment was repeated 3 times and used during Protozoae 1 (PLC} to Post-larvae 5 (PLO stages. Data analysis was done through Duncan Test. We observed that from Mysis 1 stage to PL1 the rotifier can be used for shrimp feeding and from this stage to PL5, Artemia nauplii can be used as food for the larvae. To evaluate the quality of larvae, the physiological resistance tests were conducted against formalin and salinity in different periods of time (30, 60 and 90 minutes). We found that at the PLC stage, the maximum survival (100%) in formalin tests (I 0Oppm) and (200ppm) and salinity test (15ppt) was related to feeding the shrimp larvae with rotifier. However, at the PL5 stage, the maximum survival (100%) under the same conditions was related to application of Artemia nauplii food. The concentrated food showed the minimum survival in all tests

Production of soybean meal-based feed and its effect on growth performance of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in earthen pond

The effects of two diets, a control diet (commercial feed with 39% crude protein) and an experimental diet (prepared based on 42% soybean meal with 38% crude protein), on growth performance of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in six 0.4-ha-earthen ponds (three replications per treatment) with 25 per m^2 density, were investigated. There was no significant difference in final weight (mean final weights were 15.7±0.88 and 15.6±0.52 g for the experimental and control treatments, respectively) between the treatments during the 115 days rearing period. There were no difference in FCR: 1.80±0.08 and 1.76±0.06, protein efficiency: 1.46±0.01 and 1.45±0.05, SGR: 2.38±0.04 and 2.38±0.03, final production: 2853.58±64.14 and 2864.83±168.57 kg/ha and survival rate: 91±1.78, 92±2.41% between experimental and control treatments, respectively (p>0.05) but net protein utilization in experimental treatment (17.05±0.38 g) and in the control (11.80±0.26 g) revealed significant differences (p<0.05). It is concluded that the experimental feed with 42% soybean meal was more efficient than the commercial feed on some growth parameters of western white shrimp

Solvent-free Oxidation of Alcohols and Mild Catalytic Deprotection of Silyl Ethers with Poly(N,N’-dibromo-N-ethyl-benzene-1,3-disulphonamide) and N,N,N’,N’-tetrabromobenzene-1,3-disulphonamide

Poly(N,N’-dibromo-N-ethyl-benzene-1,3-disulphonamide) (PBBS) and N,N,N’,N’-tetrabromobenzene- 1,3-disulphonamide (TBBDA) can be used for solvent-free oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds without over-oxidation, and efficient catalytic deprotection of various silyl ethers to hydroxyl groups in aprotic organic solvents under ambient conditions.KEYWORDS: Solvent-free oxidation, alcohols, catalytic deprotection, silyl ethers, PBBS, TBBDA

Comparative study of the effects of HUFA in dry diets and natural foods on fecundity and egg diameter of female broodstock of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

During 2 months (from April to June, 2008) we studied the suitable quantity of Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (HUFA) for desirable fecundity and egg diameter of female broodstock of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Similar dry food containing Isonitrogeneous material (31.5% protein) and Isolipid (6.9% lipid) was used but with different levels of HUFA (1, 2 and 3%). Also, the HUFA of natural foods (Perinereis worm, melalis bivalvia and cuttlefish) was analyzed. We compared the effects of four levels of dietary HUFA (1, 2 & 3 % HUFA of dry diets and the average HUFA of natural diets) on fecundity and egg diameter of female broodstock of white leg shrimp. The fecundity and egg diameter of natural diet and HUFA 3% were not significantly different (P>0.05). The fecundity of natural diet and HUFA 3% was significantly higher than the other two treatments (P<0.05) and also the egg diameter of HUFA 3% and natural diet was significantly higher than the other two treatments (P<0.05). According to the results of fecundity and egg diameter measurements, both natural and HUFA 3% diets are suggested as suitable for white leg shrimp breeding

Highly Efficient Formylation of Alcohols, Thiols and Aniline Derivatives by a Heterogeneous (HCOOH/SiO2) System under Microwave Irradiation and Solvent-free Conditions

A simple, rapid and efficient microwave-assisted procedure for the formylation of aniline derivatives and alcohols, using a heterogeneous (HCOOH/SiO2) system under solvent-free conditions is reported. The method is applied to a set of amines, alcohols and thiols and short reaction times (&lt;10 min) with high yields are reported. This protocol introduces a practical and viable green technology of solvent-free and catalyst-free reactions.Keywords: Alcohols, anilines, SiO2, HCOOH, microwave irradiation, solvent-free condition

An FPGA-based Design Approach for Microsatellites Telemetry Subsystem

The Tele-command and Telemetry (TT&amp;C) subsystems are one of the vital components in satellites. Commanding, managing and data sampling from different sections of the satellite are performed through the TT&amp;C subsystem. The telemetry and Tele-command parts of this subsystem could be implemented cooperatively with or separately from each other. Based on the satellite requirements, its mission and orbital lifetime and cost various approaches may be used in order to implement this subsystem. Furthermore, nowadays, the development of satellite subsystems based on commercial devices because of their low cost and accessibility is more attractive. However, their endurance for harsh space environment remains as a severe challenge. The Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), one of the best-developed commercial devices, are most successfully option in this application field. Nevertheless, the system designing methodology and the reliability of the implemented system on FPGAs remain as two major concerns. In this paper designing method and implementation result of Telemetry subsystem on field programmable gate array (FPGA) is presented. The implemented subsystem successfully passed environmental test according to ECSS standard. Furthermore, flight data confirm the feasibility of the presented FPGA based design methodology

Study of growth, survival rate and final harvesting of Litopenaeus vannamei impact of 25, 35 and 50 (per/m^2) stocking densities

For the first time in research program and species diversity the white legged shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was introduced in Iran in 2005 by Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. In two recent years two projects was carried out successfully in Hele Research Station and according of these projects study of growth, survival rate and final harvesting of Litopenaeus vannamei impact of 25, 35 and 50 (per/m^2) stocking densities was done .Nine 0.4 ha earthen ponds were stocked from 26 June 2006 to 11 November 2006 and the rate of stocking was 100000,140000 and 200000 Pl in 25, 35 and 50 per /m^2 respectively. We also carried out daily test of pH, temperature and dissolve oxygen two times per day but transparency, depth and salinity one time per day. The mean weight in 120 days was 17/84±2/6, 16/03±1/9 and14/09±2/3 grams in 25, 35 and 50 per /m^2 respectively and highest weight was seen in 25 density. Results demonstrated that there was a significant relation (P<0.05) between mean weight. The yield were 1745, 2055 and 2425 kg/pond although 4/3, 5/1 and 6 ton/ha in 25, 35 and 50 per /m^3 respectively. The maximum and minimum survival rate 97/96 and 88/46 was seen in 25 and 50 per/m^2. The minimum FCR 1.43 was seen in 25 per /m^2. For economical calculating just by using the cost of larva and feeding indicates that the highest benefit percentage was seen in 25 density. The average of salinity, pH, temperature and dissolve oxygen were 36.1-37 ppt, 8.1, 30.2-30.6 degrees centigrade and 5.9- 6.4 mg/l

Study on effect of enriched Artemia with (HUFA) on reproductive parameters and comparing with current method (used marine worm) in Litopenaeus vannamei

Nowadays, the use of live food enrichment is very common in aquaculture and as a practical method introduced. Artemia a potential food source and quality is suitable, it will have used for feeding fish and crustaceans (shrimp). In this study, Artemia enriched with unsaturated fatty acids used for increase the sexual maturity of the white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Thus, the young brood stocks transferred to Bandarga Research station. In order to achieve optimal weight, Brood stocks were feeding by food concentrate and food frozen fresh. In this study such as 3 treatments each with 3 replicates, which brood stocks were stocking in the fiberglass thank with density 2 to 3 (pieces/m^2). They were feeding with meals different including 1) squid , pen shale and marine polychaeta worm (Perinereis nuntia), 2) squid , pen shale and Artemia biomass "fransiscan", 3) squid , pen shale and Artemia biomass enriched with unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) SPARI SELCO solution after were eye ablation. The results showed that sexual maturity increased in the brood stocks fed with Artemia enriched which with significantly higher brood stocks fed with Artemia biomass and the marine worm (P 0.05). The other hand, histological studies showed that brood stocks fed with Artemia enriched than other two treatments contain were many mature follicles ready for ovulation. However, there was more absolute fecundity in the brood stocks fed with Artemia enriched, but don't found any significant differences in competition with other two treatments (P>0.05). In addition, during this period, measured and recorded all factors physicochemical water and environment daily. Following this study showed that if the Artemia enriched as part of the diet can both caused eliminate unsaturated fatty acid deficiency diet and improved ovarian development and increase sexual maturity brood stocks female in a short interval. Finally, the results analyzed with statistical software spss 9.0, one way ANOVA and Tukey test

Supply and protected different population of Litopenaeus vannamei subadult zero foster (F_0) from difference provinces Iran

Nowadays, Litopenaeus vannamei are the most important species of farmed penaeidae shrimp in the world that is rapidly replacing native species in areas aquaculture. Due to demand increase for this species culture, shrimp displacement to different areas may be associated with some potential pathogens transferred to new areas farmed. Therefore, in this study were prepared bi-osecurity conditions for specific disease-free production of L. vannamei. Thereafter, three populations (Molokaei, High health and mix of Molokaei and High health) of the shrimp various reserves were detected base on origin and genetic indexes such as: observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, allele frequency, coefficient inbreeding, genetic differentiation, genetic distance and genetic identity. On the other hand, epidemiological studies indicate non pathogens (viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic) recognition of different populations selected in the quarantine salon. The bioassay results showed that the average weight and length of the populations of High health and Mix significantly greater than was a population of Molokaei. The shrimp populations were stocked in fiberglass tank (five ton) and were kept separated in the quarantine salon. During maintenance shrimp of populations in the quarantine salon were evaluated living and non-living pathogens with PCR, microbiology and biochemical methods. There is not any pathogens detection from shrimp populations stocking in the quarantine salon, so the shrimps were carried over to pond for broodstock culture of specific pathogenic free