Rare cause of dyspnoea

Although primary amyloidosis is the most common systemic form of amyloidosis, its diagnosis remains notoriously difficult. Unless included in the differential diagnosis, the condition may be missed as a cause of severe and ultimately fatal clinical syndromes. We describe two patients with primary amyloidosis who presented with dyspnoea/orthopnoea and oedema due to cardiac and renal involvement. Both had a fatal outcome