Pelanggaran Pengaturan Prinsip Miranda Rule Dalam Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia

Miranda Rule is a rule to manage about the suspect rights before investigation by police. Miranda rule consist from the right to silence, because everything what the suspect said can damning in court. The right to get the lawyer to defend the suspect right, and if the suspect not competent, so the suspect can get the lawyer by the government. But, in fact the suspect never directly get notified about the right and the police looks like ignore the suspect rights especially the rights to silence.In this case, related to violation principle of miranda rule in Indonesia criminal justice system, the effect violation principle of miranda rule and prevention principle of miranda rule. The purpose of this thesis, First, violation principle of miranda rule in Indonesia criminal justice system and the effect to the violation principle of miranda rule. Second, the prevention principle of miranda rule in Indonesia criminal justice system. The type of this research be classified as normative research, because this research review the violation principle of miranda rule based on the applicable regulation. The data based on secondary data, and the collecting data technical in this research consist of library research study case.There are two main idea can be resumed. First, there are many violation principle of miranda rule from investigation until to the court. This rule always broke by investigator and prosecutor that effect the arresting is illegal and the investigation announcement not to be valid. So, prosecution process can not be accept, include the accusation because it was arrange by the invalid investigation announcement. It means the suspect must be released from the prison. Second, the prevention violation principle of miranda rule can be minimize by maximize the human resources quality in principle of miranda rule establishment so the police can understanding how to implementation principle of miranda rule in fact. The author suggestion, First, there are need to explain the principle of miranda rule in Indonesi criminal justice system and other rule, and giving a strict sanctions for everything violation principle o miranda rule. Second, there are need to maximize the profesional of law agency by maximize the education quality, especially for founding and training in law aspect

Genes in the postgenomic era

We outline three very different concepts of the gene - 'instrumental', 'nominal', and 'postgenomic'. The instrumental gene has a critical role in the construction and interpretation of experiments in which the relationship between genotype and phenotype is explored via hybridization between organisms or directly between nucleic acid molecules. It also plays an important theoretical role in the foundations of disciplines such as quantitative genetics and population genetics. The nominal gene is a critical practical tool, allowing stable communication between bioscientists in a wide range of fields grounded in well-defined sequences of nucleotides, but this concept does not embody major theoretical insights into genome structure or function. The post-genomic gene embodies the continuing project of understanding how genome structure supports genome function, but with a deflationary picture of the gene as a structural unit. This final concept of the gene poses a significant challenge to conventional assumptions about the relationship between genome structure and function, and between genotype and phenotype

SCF (Fbxl17) ubiquitylation of Sufu regulates Hedgehog signaling and medulloblastoma development

Skp1‐Cul1‐F‐box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases direct cell survival decisions by controlling protein ubiquitylation and degradation. Sufu (Suppressor of fused) is a central regulator of Hh (Hedgehog) signaling and acts as a tumor suppressor by maintaining the Gli (Glioma‐associated oncogene homolog) transcription factors inactive. Although Sufu has a pivotal role in Hh signaling, the players involved in controlling Sufu levels and their role in tumor growth are unknown. Here, we show that Fbxl17 (F‐box and leucine‐rich repeat protein 17) targets Sufu for proteolysis in the nucleus. The ubiquitylation of Sufu, mediated by Fbxl17, allows the release of Gli1 from Sufu for proper Hh signal transduction. Depletion of Fbxl17 leads to defective Hh signaling associated with an impaired cancer cell proliferation and medulloblastoma tumor growth. Furthermore, we identify a mutation in Sufu, occurring in medulloblastoma of patients with Gorlin syndrome, which increases Sufu turnover through Fbxl17‐mediated polyubiquitylation and leads to a sustained Hh signaling activation. In summary, our findings reveal Fbxl17 as a novel regulator of Hh pathway and highlight the perturbation of the Fbxl17–Sufu axis in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma

Pitching non-English language research: a dual-language application of the Pitching Research Framework

YesThe global language of scholarly research is English and so the obstacle of getting noticed is montainous when the article is not written in the English language. Indeed, despite rapid advances in technology, the “tyranny of language” creates a segmentation inhibiting scholarly research and innovation generally. Mass translation of non-English language articles is neither feasible nor desirable. Our paper proposes a strategy for remedying this segmentation – such that, the work of non-English language scholars become more discoverable. The core piece of this strategy is a “reverse-engineering” [RE] application of Faff’s (2015, 2017a) “pitching research” template. More specifically, we provide access to translated versions of the “cued” template across thirty-three different languages, and most notably for this journal, including the Romanian and French languages. Further, we showcase an illustrative dual language French-English example

Cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids: the neglected pathway in cancer

Endogenously produced lipid autacoids are locally acting small molecule mediators that play a central role in the regulation of inflammation and tissue homeostasis. A well-studied group of autacoids are the products of arachidonic acid metabolism, among which the prostaglandins and leukotrienes are the best known. They are generated by two pathways controlled by the enzyme systems cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, respectively. However, arachidonic acid is also substrate for a third enzymatic pathway, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. This third eicosanoid pathway consists of two main branches: ω-hydroxylases convert arachidonic acid to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxygenases convert it to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). This third CYP pathway was originally studied in conjunction with inflammatory and cardiovascular disease. Arachidonic acid and its metabolites have recently stimulated great interest in cancer biology; but, unlike prostaglandins and leukotrienes the link between cytochome P450 metabolites and cancer has received little attention. In this review, the emerging role in cancer of cytochrome P450 metabolites, notably 20-HETE and EETs, are discussed

withdrawn 2017 hrs ehra ecas aphrs solaece expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation

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