Relações de mercado em uma propriedade orgânica no município de Quatro Pontes - PR.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar as relações de mercado da propriedade ressaltando os indicadores de qualidade, relações com consumidores, sistema de marketing e quais as vantagens e desvantagens do sistema de comercialização

The human capital transition and the role of policy

Along with information and communication technology, infrastructure, and the innovation system, human capital is a key pillar of the knowledge economy with its scope for increasing returns. With this in mind, the purpose of this chapter is to investigate how industrialized economies managed to achieve the transition from low to high levels of human capital. The first phase of the human capital transition was the result of the interaction of supply and demand, triggered by technological change and boosted by the demands for (immaterial) services. The second phase of the human capital transition (i.e., mass education) resulted from enforced legislation and major public investment. The state’s aim to influence children’s beliefs appears to have been a key driver in public investment. Nevertheless, the roles governments played differed according to the developmental status and inherent socioeconomic and political characteristics of their countries. These features of the human capital transition highlight the importance of understanding governments’ incentives and roles in transitions

Premodern debasement: a messy affair

The paper argues that in premodern Europe, the practice of debasement was far more ‘messy’ than research has generally recognised. First, high information costs often prevented the effective control of mint officials who could exploit their resulting autonomy in order to debase coins on their own account. Second, these costs made it impossible to monitor markets closely enough to enforce regulations. Attempts by governments to debase coins by increasing their nominal value therefore ‘worked’ only if they conformed to the market rates of these coins. Finally, high information costs prevented the creation of closed areas where the domestic currency enjoyed a monopoly. The resulting trade in coinage created incentives for governments to issue inferior copies of their neighbour’s coins – a practice that had the same consequences as a debasement – and forced the affected governments to follow suit by debasing their own coinage, too

Letter to the Eitor

We agree with Dr. Oettinger that considerations of etiology are highly important. We regard the etiology of hyperactivity as a "chain of events" with at least primary and secondary sources of the symptom behavior. As primary factors we include characteristics of normal individual genetic differences in reactivity and arousability, plus intra-uterine, birth and postbirth introduced pathology. However, we think these basic characteristics constitute only a partial explanation for the hyperactive child's typical or atypical development.</jats:p

A Hypothesis on the Etiology of Hyperactivity, With a Pilot Study Report of Related Nondrug Therapy

The growing number of hyperactive children in our practices has caused many of us to look about for alternatives to medication therapy. Our recent experience in one such technique prompts this letter. We hypothesize that hyperactivity may make its first appearance in the toddler or preschool child, but is detectable from early infancy. The tense, colicky, hypertonic infant seems to be the infantile precursor to the hyperactive older child. We consider that both are the result of a chronic state of arousal manifested in these children as increased activity level and muscular tension and later by frantic limit testing at home and behavior and learning problems at school.</jats:p