The Static Failure of Adhesively Bonded Metal Laminate Structures: A Cohesive Zone Approach

Data on distribution, ecology, biomass, recruitment, growth, mortality and productivity of the West African bloody cockle Anadara senilis were collected at the Banc d'Aguuin, Mauritania, in early 1985 and 1986. Ash-free dry weight appeared to be correlated best with shell height. A. senilis was abundant on the tidal flats of landlocked coastal bays, but nearly absent on the tidal flats bordering the open sea. The average biomass for the entire area of tidal flats was estimated at 5.5 g·m−2 ash-free dry weight. The A. senilis population appeared to consist mainly of 10 to 20-year-old individuals, showing a very slow growth and a production: biomass ratio of about 0.02 y−1. Recruitment appeared negligible and mortality was estimated to be about 10% per year. Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus), the gastropod Cymbium cymbium and unknown fish species were responsible for a large share of this. The distinction of annual growth marks permitted the assessment of year-class strength, which appeared to be correlated with the average discharge of the river Senegal. This may be explained by assuming that year-class strength and river discharge both are correlated with rainfall at the Banc d'Arguin.

Regionalism and changing regional order in the Pacific Islands

Institutional developments in Pacific Islands regionalism have been dramatic in recent years. These include the changing role of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement, a grouping of eight ‘tuna-rich’ Pacific Island states that is transforming the dynamics of regional fisheries; the emergence of a more activist Melanesian Spearhead Group, which comprises the four largest economies of the Pacific Islands and is leading the process of regional economic integration; and the establishment of the Pacific Islands Development Forum, which promises a more inclusive ‘regionalism through partnerships’ approach in addressing climate change and sustainable development issues. This new dynamism is driven by the discontent of a growing number of island states with the established regional order,defined by prevailing institutions, power and ideas, and by a desire to assert greater control over their own futures. Against the backdrop of an increasingly dynamic geopolitical and geoeconomic landscape, Pacific Island states are using alternative regional frameworks to develop new approaches to the challenges facing them

Amplitude analysis of B0→D¯0K+π−decays

The Dalitz plot distribution of B0→D¯0K+π− decays is studied using a data sample corresponding to 3.0  fb−1 of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The data are described by an amplitude model that contains contributions from intermediate K∗(892)0, K∗(1410)0, K∗2(1430)0 and D∗2(2460)− resonances. The model also contains components to describe broad structures, including the K∗0(1430)0 and D∗0(2400)− resonances, in the Kπ S-wave and the Dπ S- and P-waves. The masses and widths of the D∗0(2400)− and D∗2(2460)− resonances are measured, as are the complex amplitudes and fit fractions for all components included in the amplitude model. The model obtained will be an integral part of a future determination of the angle γ of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix using B0→DK+π− decays

Papuan Entrepreneurs

This bulletin includes three brief papers on small-scale entrepreneurial activity among Papuan people.The first presents data on four entrepreneurs among the Orokaiva of the Northern District of Papua.Three of the four were the only entrepreneurs who established enterprises on that scale based on cash-cropping without government help.The fourth was a settler on government land with a government loan.The second paper provides some information on twelve Orokaiva who conceived of themselves mainly as retail traders(even those in the sample whose stores were closed hoped to resume trading and to derive their main income from it). The third paper analyses data collected between April and July 1964 on the system of job contracting in Port Moresby and on all Papuan subcontractors who could be contacted in June and July of that year.Four Orokaiva Cash Croppers / by R. G. Crocombe -- Twelve Orokaiva Traders / by W.J. Oostermeyer and Joanne Gray -- Contractors in Port Moresby by John Langmore

Study of η − η′ mixing from measurement of B (s) 0 → J/ψη(′) decay rates

A study of B and Bs meson decays into J/ψ η and J/ψ η′ final states is performed using a data set of proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, collected by the LCHb experiment and corresponding to 3.0 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The decay B0 → J/ψ η′ is observed for the first time. The following ratios of branching fractions are measured: B(B0→J/ψη′)B(B0s→ J/ψη′)=(2.28±0.65 (stat)±0.10 (syst)±0.13 (fs/fd))×10−2,B(B0→ J/ψη)B(B0s→ J/ψη)=(1.85±0.61 (stat)±0.09 (syst)±0.11 (fs/fd))×10−2, where the third uncertainty is related to the present knowledge of fs/fd, the ratio between the probabilities for a b quark to form a Bs or a B0 meson. The branching fraction ratios are used to determine the parameters of η − η′ meson mixing. In addition, the first evidence for the decay Bs → ψ(2S)η′ is reported, and the relative branching fraction is measured, B(B0s→ ψ(2S)η′)B(B0s→ J/ψη′)=(38.7±9.0 (stat)±1.3 (syst)±0.9(B))×10−2, where the third uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the branching fractions of J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons

Angular analysis of the B 0 → K *0 e + e − decay in the low-q 2 region

An angular analysis of the B 0 → K *0 e + e − decay is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV during 2011 and 2012. For the first time several observables are measured in the dielectron mass squared (q 2) interval between 0.002 and 1.120 GeV2 /c 4. The angular observables F L and A T Re which are related to the K *0 polarisation and to the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, are measured to be F L = 0.16 ± 0.06 ± 0.03 and A T Re  = 0.10 ± 0.18 ± 0.05, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The angular observables A T (2) and A T Im which are sensitive to the photon polarisation in this q 2 range, are found to be A T (2)  = − 0.23 ± 0.23 ± 0.05 and A T Im  = 0.14 ± 0.22 ± 0.05. The results are consistent with Standard Model predictions