Mapping adaptation of barley to droughted environments

Identifying barley genomic regions influencing the response of yield and its components to water deficits will aid in our understanding of the genetics of drought tolerance and the development of more drought tolerant cultivars. We assembled a population of 192 genotypes that represented landraces, old, and contemporary cultivars sampling key regions around the Mediterranean basin and the rest of Europe. The population was genotyped with a stratified set of 50 genomic and EST derived molecular markers, 49 of which were Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), which revealed an underlying population sub-structure that corresponded closely to the geographic regions in which the genotypes were grown. A more dense whole genome scan was generated by using Diversity Array Technology (DArT®) to generate 1130 biallelic markers for the population. The population was grown at two contrasting sites in each of seven Mediterranean countries for harvest 2004 and 2005 and grain yield data collected. Mean yield levels ranged from 0.3 to 6.2 t/ha, with highly significant genetic variation in low-yielding environments. Associations of yield with barley genomic regions were then detected by combining the DArT marker data with the yield data in mixed model analyses for the individual trials, followed by multiple regression of yield on markers to identify a multi-locus subset of significant markers/QTLs. QTLs exhibiting a pre-defined consistency across environments were detected in bins 4, 6, 6 and 7 on barley chromosomes 3H, 4H, 5H and 7H respectivel

Development of an efficient electrochemical process for removing and separating soluble Pb (II) in aqueous solutions in presence of other heavy metals: Studies of key parameters

International audienceA very simple electrochemical process was developed for a high efficient elimination of Pb (II) from wastewaters. The principle is to remove soluble Pb (II) as oxide(s) adherent thin films only on the effect of an imposed specific potential by chronoamperometric method and an adequate pH, without adding reagents, at room temperature and in a conventional container. This treatment is very efficient for removing 99.99 % of Pb (II) and directly reaching acceptable concentrations for the environment and drinking water standards, with low energy input. Firstly, the key parameters that could influence the efficiency of lead removal, such as the pH and the adequate values of potential, the initial concentration and the duration, were studied in pure water. Systematically, the solution was analyzed to quantify the concentration of Pb (II), and the recovered solid as an adherent thin film was characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS to determine its nature according to the experimental conditions. In a second part, the same treatment was applied with the optimized conditions in the presence of chemical ionic species and other heavy metals such as Cd(II), Ni(II) or Cu(II) to confirm the possibility to have a total elimination and separation of lead from these other heavy metals. To conclude, this electrochemical process was applied with success on an effluent coming from a WWTP confirming the real interest of this easy electrochemical process for an efficient separation and purification of wastewaters containing soluble lead

Valorisation of original nanostructured lead oxides thin films issued from an innovating electrochemical depollution process: Application to the total electro-mineralisation of glyphosate

International audienceGlyphosate is a very problematic pollutant in the world. This study presents a simple treatment to degrade it until total mineralisation with no production of AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), its main by-product more toxic and persistent, by using original nanostructured lead oxides thin films. The synthesis conditions of these materials were determined previously in relation to an innovating electrochemical depollution process of water polluted by soluble lead. Different parameters were evaluated such as pH, initial concentration, lead oxide type and consequently its particular morphology. The solutions were systematically analysed by ion chromatography to determine the concentrations of organic pollutants and ionic species produced, and by UV–visible spectroscopy to quantify released lead during process. The thin films were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS, before and after interaction. The Pb-04 sample type (pure β-PbO$_2$ with cubic needles nanostructures) seems particularly efficient to obtain a total mineralisation with a mineralisation capacity equal to (1127 ± 56) mg of glyphosate/g of material. Moreover, lead was not released in solution due to a total regeneration with the similar crystalline structure. These results are very promising for potential valorisation of heavy metals wastes for future applications at room temperature and very low electrical inputs

Films minces de birnessite électrodéposés : Un matériau éco-compatible pour éliminer des métaux lourds de l'eau

International audienceSorption is an efficient process for transferring heavy metals from polluted water to solid phase. Birnessite, which is a non-toxic layered manganese oxide, is particularly interesting for this objective due to its high sorption capacities towards heavy metals. In this paper, pure and nanostructured birnessite was synthesized as adherent thin films onto a solid substrate by electrochemistry with different characteristics for high sorption (e.g. mass, Average Oxidation States of Mn (AOS)). Sorption of lead (Pb (II)) and cadmium (Cd (II)) by these films was studied in terms of pH, ionic strength, sorption isotherm and kinetic order. The birnessite thin film with the highest AOS after synthesis (3.76) presents significant adsorption capacity for Pb (II) (538 mg-Pb/g) and Cd (II) (254 mg-Cd/g). A total decontamination at room temperature without filtration and energy input was obtained on model solutions and real effluents by increasing only the number of samples or the surface of electrodeposited birnessite on one sample. These birnessite thin films appear as very interesting eco-friendly sorbents for eliminating Pb (II) and Cd (II) from polluted aquatic media due to their easy synthesis and optimization process, and the possible reuses by efficient desorption in very low-cost conditions

Some data on allele diversity at orthologous candidate genes in GCP crops

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Mapping adaptation of barley to droughted environments

Identifying barley genomic regions influencing the response of yield and its components to water deficits will aid in our understanding of the genetics of drought tolerance and the development of more drought tolerant cultivars. We assembled a population of 192 genotypes that represented landraces, old, and contemporary cultivars sampling key regions around the Mediterranean basin and the rest of Europe. The population was genotyped with a stratified set of 50 genomic and EST derived molecular markers, 49 of which were Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), which revealed an underlying population sub-structure that corresponded closely to the geographic regions in which the genotypes were grown. A more dense whole genome scan was generated by using Diversity Array Technology (DArT1) to generate 1130 biallelic markers for the population. The population was grown at two contrasting sites in each of seven Mediterranean countries for harvest 2004 and 2005and grain yield data collected. Mean yield levels ranged from 0.3 to 6.2 t/ha, with highly significant genetic variation in low-yielding environments. Associations of yield with barley genomic regions were then detected by combining the DArT marker data with the yield data in mixed model analyses for the individual trials, followed by multiple regression of yield on markers to identify a multi-locus subset of significant markers/QTLs. QTLs exhibiting a predefined consistency across environments weredetected in bins 4, 6, 6 and 7 on barley chromosomes3H, 4H, 5H and 7H respectively