Causality Implies Inflationary Back-Reaction

There is a widespread belief among inflationary cosmologists that a local observer cannot sense super-horizon gravitons. The argument goes that a local observer would subsume super-horizon gravitons into a redefinition of his coordinate system. We show that adopting this view for pure gravity on de Sitter background leads to time variation in the Hubble parameter measured by a local observer. It also leads to a violation of the gravitational field equation $R = 4 \Lambda$ because that equation is obeyed by the full metric, rather than the one which has been cleansed of super-horizon modes.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, uses LaTeX2e, version 2 slightly revised for publicatio

Folding model analysis of proton radioactivity of spherical proton emitters

Half lives of the decays of spherical nuclei away from proton drip line by proton emissions are estimated theoretically. The quantum mechanical tunneling probability is calculated within the WKB approximation. Microscopic proton-nucleus interaction potentials are obtained by single folding the densities of the daughter nuclei with M3Y effective interaction supplemented by a zero-range pseudo-potential for exchange along with the density dependence. Strengths of the M3Y interaction are extracted by fitting its matrix elements in an oscillator basis to those elements of the G-matrix obtained with the Reid-Elliott soft-core nucleon-nucleon interaction. Parameters of the density dependence are obtained from the nuclear matter calculations. Spherical charge distributions are used for calculating the Coulomb interaction potentials. These calculations provide reasonable estimates for the observed proton radioactivity lifetimes of proton rich nuclei for proton emissions from 26 ground and isomeric states of spherical proton emitters.Comment: 6 page

Modified Bethe-Weizsacker mass formula with isotonic shift and new driplines

Nuclear masses are calculated using the modified Bethe-Weizsacker mass formula in which the isotonic shifts have been incorporated. The results are compared with the improved liquid drop model with isotonic shift. Mass excesses predicted by this method compares well with the microscopic-macroscopic model while being much more simple. The neutron and proton drip lines have been predicted using this modified Bethe-Weizsacker mass formula with isotonic shifts.Comment: 9 pages including 2 figure

Quantum Cournot equilibrium for the Hotelling-Smithies model of product choice

This paper demonstrates the quantization of a spatial Cournot duopoly model with product choice, a two stage game focusing on non-cooperation in locations and quantities. With quantization, the players can access a continuous set of strategies, using continuous variable quantum mechanical approach. The presence of quantum entanglement in the initial state identifies a quantity equilibrium for every location pair choice with any transport cost. Also higher profit is obtained by the firms at Nash equilibrium. Adoption of quantum strategies rewards us by the existence of a larger quantum strategic space at equilibrium.Comment: 13 pages, 6 tables, 8 figure