59 research outputs found
Release of Intracellular Calcium Stores Facilitates Coxsackievirus Entry into Polarized Endothelial Cells
Group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are associated with viral-induced heart disease and are among the leading causes of aseptic meningitis worldwide. Here we show that CVB entry into polarized brain microvasculature and aortic endothelial cells triggers a depletion of intracellular calcium stores initiated through viral attachment to the apical attachment factor decay-accelerating factor. Calcium release was dependent upon a signaling cascade that required the activity of the Src family of tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C, and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor isoform 3. CVB-mediated calcium release was required for the activation of calpain-2, a calcium-dependent cysteine protease, which controlled the vesicular trafficking of internalized CVB particles. These data point to a specific role for calcium signaling in CVB entry into polarized endothelial monolayers and highlight the unique signaling mechanisms used by these viruses to cross endothelial barriers
Imaging the boundariesβinnovative tools for microscopy of living cells and real-time imaging
Recently, light microscopy moved back into the spotlight, which is mainly due to the development of revolutionary technologies for imaging real-time events in living cells. It is truly fascinating to see enzymes βat workβ and optically acquired images certainly help us to understand biological processes better than any abstract measurements. This review aims to point out elegant examples of recent cell-biological imaging applications that have been developed with a chemical approach. The discussed technologies include nanoscale fluorescence microscopy, imaging of model membranes, automated high-throughput microscopy control and analysis, and fluorescent probes with a special focus on visualizing enzyme activity, free radicals, and proteinβprotein interaction designed for use in living cells
The constitutive activity of melanocortinβ4 receptors in cAMP pathway is allosterically modulated by zinc and copper ions
Large Filling-Factor-Dependent Spin Splitting in Magnetooptic Kerr Effect in GaAs/AlGaAs Multiple Quantum Wells
Magnetooptic Kerr effect in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells was investigated in the integer quantum Hall regime. The measurements have been performed in magnetic fields up to 14.5 T, at the temperature of 1.8 K. Experimental data indicate the discontinuous behavior of the magnetooptic Kerr effect spectrum as a function of the filling factor. For odd filling factor values Ξ½=3 and 5 we observe the large spin splitting. The effects cannot be explained in the one-particle model
The zinc indicator FluoZin-3 is not perturbed significantly by physiological levels of calcium or magnesium
Differential transition metal uptake and fluorescent probe localization in hippocampal slices
Quantitative imaging of mitochondrial and cytosolic free zinc levels in an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion
Calcium signals and calpain-dependent necrosis are essential for release of coxsackievirus B from polarized intestinal epithelial cells
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