Do gesto à notação: exemplos de escrita prescritiva em duas obras contemporâneas

O presente artigo discute o conceito de gesto musical e sua transformação em notação. De início são apresentados três conceitos relacionados ao gesto musical – gesto físico, gesto mental e gesto notado –, em seguida são discutidas suas relações com a composição, a notação e a performance. Na terceira parte do texto, são demonstradas formas prescritivas e descritivas de notação do gesto observadas em duas peças compostas pelos autores. Por fim, são propostas duas formas de notação prescritiva para um mesmo recurso encontrado no software SuperCollider chamado Theremin. Nesse recurso as diferentes posições possíveis da seta do mouse na tela do computador definem o resultado da síntese gerada pelo software

Características e controle da podridão "olho de boi" nas maçãs do sul do Brasil.

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Learning 3D Human Pose from Structure and Motion

3D human pose estimation from a single image is a challenging problem, especially for in-the-wild settings due to the lack of 3D annotated data. We propose two anatomically inspired loss functions and use them with a weakly-supervised learning framework to jointly learn from large-scale in-the-wild 2D and indoor/synthetic 3D data. We also present a simple temporal network that exploits temporal and structural cues present in predicted pose sequences to temporally harmonize the pose estimations. We carefully analyze the proposed contributions through loss surface visualizations and sensitivity analysis to facilitate deeper understanding of their working mechanism. Our complete pipeline improves the state-of-the-art by 11.8% and 12% on Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP, respectively, and runs at 30 FPS on a commodity graphics card.Comment: ECCV 2018. Project page: https://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/~rdabral/3DPose

Characterization of Neofabraea actinidiae and N. brasiliensis as causal agents of apple bull's-eye rot in southern Brazil.

The causal agents of apple bull?s-eye rot in southern Brazil have recently been described as Neofabraea actinidiae and N. brasiliensis. Isolates of both species were evaluated for response of mycelial growth index (MGI) to different temperatures, enzyme production, mycelial growth inhibition and effective concentrations (EC 50 and EC 100 ) of the fungicides tri fl umizole, pyrimethanil and thiophanate methyl, as well as aggres- siveness on fruits of "Fuji " hybrid and " Pink Lady " . There was signi ficantly lower mycelium growth in N. brasiliensis compared with N. actinidiae at all temperatures tested. Neither species grew at 3 and 32°C. There were minor differences in production of enzymes in the two species, with all N. brasiliensis isolates showing no production of pectolyase at pH 7. The lowest EC 50 and EC 100 values were observed with thiophanate methyl. In general, " Fuji " fruits were more susceptible to Neofabraea infection and had larger lesions, while N. brasiliensis isolates showed greater aggressiveness on " Fuji " hybrid and " Pink lady " fruits compared with N. actinidiae

Influence of Quince rootstocks on Entomosporium Leaf Spot (Entomosporium mespili) susceptibility in European Pear cv. Abate Fetel

Entomosporium leaf spot (ELS) is caused by the fungus Fabraea maculata (anamorph: Entomosporium mespili) and affects most pear cultivars and quince rootstocks in Brazil. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of Adams, EMA and EMC quince rootstocks on ELS in European pear cultivar “Abate Fetel” in Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season. The incidence and severity of disease was quantified weekly in 100 randomly leaves distributed in four medium-height branches per plant with eight replications. Disease progress curves of ELS were constructed and the epidemics compared according to: (1) the beginning of symptoms appearance (BSA); (2) the time to reach the maximum disease incidence and severity (TRMDI and TRMDS); (3) area under the incidence and severity disease progress curve (AUIDPC and AUSDPC). The data were analyzed by linear regression and adjusted for three empirical models: Logistic, Monomolecular and Gompertz. The Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated was susceptible to E. mespili. However, there were significant differences in ELS intensity among rootstocks evaluated. The highest ELS intensities were observed in combinations with EMA and Adams quince rootstock. Abate Fetel cultivar grafted on EMC quince rootstock showed all epidemiological variables results significantly different when compared with EMA quince rootstock. EMC quince rootstock induced late resistance compared with the other considerated rootstocks. The Logistic model was the most appropriates to describe the ELS progress of Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated in the edafoclimatic conditions of Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season

ITS-rDNA phylogeny of Colletotrichum spp. causal agent of apple glomerella leaf spot.

Several diseases have affected apple production, among them there is Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by Colletotrichum spp. The first report of this disease in apple was in plants nearby citrus orchards in São Paulo State, Brazil. The origin of this disease is still not clear, and studies based on the molecular phylogeny could relate the organisms evolutionarily and characterize possible mechanisms of divergent evolution. The amplification of 5.8S-ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) of rDNA of 51 pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. isolates from apples, pineapple guava and citrus produced one fragment of approximately 600 bases pairs (bp) for all the isolates analyzed. The amplified fragments were cleaved with restriction enzymes, and fragments from 90 to 500bp were obtained. The sequencing of this region allowed the generation of a phylogenetic tree, regardless of their hosts, and 5 isolated groups were obtained. From the "in silico" comparison, it was possible to verify a variation from 93 to 100% of similarity between the sequences studied and the Genbank data base. The causal agent of GLS is nearly related (clustered) to isolates of pineapple guava and to the citrus isolates used as control

Crescimento micelial e produção de conídios de Cryptosporiosis perennans, agente causal da mancha foliar da 'Gala', em diferentes meios de cultura.

Vários fatores interferem no crescimento micelial e produção de conídios para a correta identificação de espécies de Cryptosporiopsis perennans. Avaliou-se o crescimento micelial c a esporulação de conídios de 9 isolados (Embrapa I a 9) de C. perennans em 3 meio de cultura, BDA (Batata-dextrose-ágar), Extrato de Malte (malte) e V8 ágar sob regime de fotoperíodo de 12 horas.Resumo 286

Novel role for polycystin-1 in modulating cell proliferation through calcium oscillations in kidney cells

Objectives: Polycystin-1 (PC1), a signalling receptor regulating Ca2+-permeable cation channels, is mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, which is typically characterized by increased cell proliferation. However, the precise mechanisms by which PC1 functions on Ca2+ homeostasis, signalling and cell proliferation remain unclear. Here, we investigated the possible role of PC1 as a modulator of non-capacitative Ca2+ entry (NCCE) and Ca2+ oscillations, with downstream effects on cell proliferation. Results and discussion: By employing RNA interference, we show that depletion of endogenous PC1 in HEK293 cells leads to an increase in serum-induced Ca2+ oscillations, triggering nuclear factor of activated T cell activation and leading to cell cycle progression. Consistently, Ca2+ oscillations and cell proliferation are increased in PC1-mutated kidney cystic cell lines, but both abnormal features are reduced in cells that exogenously express PC1. Notably, blockers of the NCCE pathway, but not of the CCE, blunt abnormal oscillation and cell proliferation. Our study therefore provides the first demonstration that PC1 modulates Ca2+ oscillations and a molecular mechanism to explain the association between abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis and cell proliferation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Optimal conditions for conidial germination and infection of European pear leaves by Diplocarpon mespili.

The epidemiology of Entomosporium leaf spot (ELS) affecting European pear is poorly understood, which limits the development of an effective management strategy. In vitro assays were conducted to study the effect of temperature levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) on Diplocarpon mespili conidial germination evaluated at different incubation times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h). Inoculation experiments were conducted to assess the effect of leaf wetness duration (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h) under constant temperature (20 °C) on ELS disease severity on leaves of cultivar ?Rocha?. The temperature × time interaction significantly affected conidial germination in both experiments and a response surface model was fitted to percent conidial germination data. The optimal temperature for conidial germination was estimated at 20 °C. The incubation period was estimated at 4 days for all leaf wetness durations, excepting the ?zero? duration for which no infection occurred. A minimum of 6 h of leaf wetness duration was required for D. mespili infection. Severity reached maximum values after 24 h of leaf wetness duration. A linear regression model described ELS severity increase over time in the absence of reinfection conditions and a monomolecular model described the increase of disease severity influenced by leaf wetness duration in both experiments

CONSTRUCTAL DESIGN OF FINS IN COOLED CAVITIES BY NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS

The present work investigates the Construtal Design of fins inserted in cavities submitted to mixed convection by non-Newtonian fluids. The objective is to obtain the optimum aspect ratio for the fin considering different flow conditions and variations in the rheological parameters of the fluid. The phenomena of flow and heat transfer are modeled by mass balance, momentum and energy equations, and by the generalized Newtonian liquid constitutive equation. The viscosity is modeled as that of a pseudoplastic fluid, using the Carreau function. The optimization problem consists in maximizing heat transfer from the fin using the average Nusselt number. The investigated project variable is the aspect ratio between the edges of the rectangular plane fin profile. The restrictions are the volume of the cavity and the fin. The results are obtained numerically using a finite volume code and a two-dimensional geometry, through exhaustive searching. The results show that the fin geometry influences the maximum Nusselt number mainly for the cases with high Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers, such as was shown in previous studies. The results show that the fin geometry influences the maximum Nusselt number mainly for the cases with high Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers, as was shown in previous studies. It was also found that the Nusselt number increases as the increase in flow intensity, represented by the parameter p, and that the result of the maximum Nusselt number does not change monotonically with the non-Newtonian dimensionless viscosity and with the flow index, showing that the pseudoplasticity of the fluid implies optimal configurations very different from those predicted for Newtonian fluids