Tank farm restoration and safe operations, project W-314, upgrade scope summary report

The Tank Farms Transition Projects organization, Transition Projects Integration Program (TPIP) Upgrade Scope Summary Report(USSR) describes the scope of work to be accomplished by project W-314. It defines the facility, the system and the actual upgrade that corrects deficiencies and addresses

Effect of controlled-release monensin on automatically registered body condition score, milk β-hydroxybutyrate, milk yield and milk lactate dehydrogenase in fresh dairy cows

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of controlled-release monensin on the automatic registered body condition score (BCS), and biomarkers registered using a fully automated inline analyzer, such as milk β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), milk yield (MY) and milk lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Two experimental groups were formed: (1) monensin group (GK) supplemented with monensin (a monensin controlled release capsule (MCRC) of 32.4 g, n = 42) and (2) control group (GO) (capsule containing no monensin, n = 42). Treatment began 21 days before calving, and the experiment was finished one month after calving. In order to gather data about MY, BHB, and LDH, Herd Navigator a real-time analyzer (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) was used together with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). BCS was measured using 3D BCS cameras (DeLaval, DeLaval International AB). All data were registered at one, 15 and 30 days after calving. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) package. It was concluded that in the group of cows with monensin supplement (a monensin controlled release capsule of 32.4 g,), the body condition score was statistically significantly higher at the 15th (+0.24, p=0.003) and 30th (+0.52, p<0.001) days after calving, the productivity of cows in this group increased by 10.25% from the 1st to the 15th day and by 22.49% from the beginning of the experiment to the 30th day (p<0.001), lactate dehydrogenase activities at the 15th and 30th days after calving in this group were lower (p<0.001), and also in this group, the number of cows with a value of β-hydroxybutyrate of 0.06 mmol/L decreased from the beginning of the experiment to 30 days after calving by 4.70% (from 19.00% to 14.30%) compared with the control group

Hanford 100-D Area Biostimulation Soluble Substrate Field Test: Interim Data Summary for the Substrate Injection and Process Monitoring Phases of the Field Test

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is conducting a treatability test designed to demonstrate that in situ biostimulation can be applied to help meet cleanup goals in the Hanford Site 100-D Area. The in situ biostimulation technology is intended to provide supplemental treatment upgradient of the In Situ Redox Manipulation (ISRM) barrier by reducing the concentration of the primary oxidizing species in groundwater (i.e., nitrate and dissolved oxygen) and chromate, and thereby increasing the longevity of the ISRM barrier. This report summarizes the initial results from field testing of an in situ biological treatment zone implemented through injection of a soluble substrate. The field test is divided into operational phases that include substrate injection, process monitoring, and performance monitoring. The results summarized herein are for the substrate injection and process monitoring phase encompassing the first approximately three months of field testing. Performance monitoring is ongoing at the time this report was prepared and is planned to extend over approximately 18 months. As such, this report is an interim data summary report for the field test. The treatability testing has multiple objectives focused on evaluating the performance of biostimulation as a reducing barrier for nitrate, oxygen, and chromate. The following conclusions related to these objectives are supported by the data provided in this report. Substrate was successfully distributed to a radius of about 15 m (50 ft) from the injection well. Monitoring data indicate that microbial growth initiated rapidly, and this rapid growth would limit the ability to inject substrate to significantly larger zones from a single injection well. As would be expected, the uniformity of substrate distribution was impacted by subsurface heterogeneity. However, subsequent microbial activity and ability to reduce the targeted species was observed throughout the monitored zone during the process monitoring period, and low nitrate and oxygen concentrations were maintained. Chromate concentrations in the treatment zone began to increase about two months after substrate injection, up to about 30 percent of the background concentration upgradient of the test site. The performance monitoring phase will provide additional data to interpret the performance of the biostimulation process and information for scale-up as a reducing barrier

Hanford 100-D Area Biostimulation Soluble Substrate Field Test: Interim Data Summary for the Substrate Injection and Process Monitoring Phases of the Field Test

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is conducting a treatability test designed to demonstrate that in situ biostimulation can be applied to help meet cleanup goals in the Hanford Site 100-D Area. The in situ biostimulation technology is intended to provide supplemental treatment upgradient of the In Situ Redox Manipulation (ISRM) barrier by reducing the concentration of the primary oxidizing species in groundwater (i.e., nitrate and dissolved oxygen) and chromate, and thereby increasing the longevity of the ISRM barrier. This report summarizes the initial results from field testing of an in situ biological treatment zone implemented through injection of a soluble substrate. The field test is divided into operational phases that include substrate injection, process monitoring, and performance monitoring. The results summarized herein are for the substrate injection and process monitoring phase encompassing the first approximately three months of field testing. Performance monitoring is ongoing at the time this report was prepared and is planned to extend over approximately 18 months. As such, this report is an interim data summary report for the field test. The treatability testing has multiple objectives focused on evaluating the performance of biostimulation as a reducing barrier for nitrate, oxygen, and chromate. The following conclusions related to these objectives are supported by the data provided in this report. Substrate was successfully distributed to a radius of about 15 m (50 ft) from the injection well. Monitoring data indicate that microbial growth initiated rapidly, and this rapid growth would limit the ability to inject substrate to significantly larger zones from a single injection well. As would be expected, the uniformity of substrate distribution was impacted by subsurface heterogeneity. However, subsequent microbial activity and ability to reduce the targeted species was observed throughout the monitored zone during the process monitoring period, and low nitrate and oxygen concentrations were maintained. Chromate concentrations in the treatment zone began to increase about two months after substrate injection, up to about 30 percent of the background concentration upgradient of the test site. The performance monitoring phase will provide additional data to interpret the performance of the biostimulation process and information for scale-up as a reducing barrier

Hanford 100-D Area Biostimulation Treatability Test Results

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory conducted a treatability test designed to demonstrate that in situ biostimulation can be applied to help meet cleanup goals in the Hanford Site 100-D Area. In situ biostimulation has been extensively researched and applied for aquifer remediation over the last 20 years for various contaminants. In situ biostimulation, in the context of this project, is the process of amending an aquifer with a substrate that induces growth and/or activity of indigenous bacteria for the purpose of inducing a desired reaction. For application at the 100-D Area, the purpose of biostimulation is to induce reduction of chromate, nitrate, and oxygen to remove these compounds from the groundwater. The in situ biostimulation technology is intended to provide supplemental treatment upgradient of the In Situ Redox Manipulation (ISRM) barrier previously installed in the Hanford 100-D Area and thereby increase the longevity of the ISRM barrier. Substrates for the treatability test were selected to provide information about two general approaches for establishing and maintaining an in situ permeable reactive barrier based on biological reactions, i.e., a biobarrier. These approaches included 1) use of a soluble (miscible) substrate that is relatively easy to distribute over a large areal extent, is inexpensive, and is expected to have moderate longevity; and 2) use of an immiscible substrate that can be distributed over a reasonable areal extent at a moderate cost and is expected to have increased longevity

Hanford 100-D Area Biostimulation Treatability Test Results

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory conducted a treatability test designed to demonstrate that in situ biostimulation can be applied to help meet cleanup goals in the Hanford Site 100-D Area. In situ biostimulation has been extensively researched and applied for aquifer remediation over the last 20 years for various contaminants. In situ biostimulation, in the context of this project, is the process of amending an aquifer with a substrate that induces growth and/or activity of indigenous bacteria for the purpose of inducing a desired reaction. For application at the 100-D Area, the purpose of biostimulation is to induce reduction of chromate, nitrate, and oxygen to remove these compounds from the groundwater. The in situ biostimulation technology is intended to provide supplemental treatment upgradient of the In Situ Redox Manipulation (ISRM) barrier previously installed in the Hanford 100-D Area and thereby increase the longevity of the ISRM barrier. Substrates for the treatability test were selected to provide information about two general approaches for establishing and maintaining an in situ permeable reactive barrier based on biological reactions, i.e., a biobarrier. These approaches included 1) use of a soluble (miscible) substrate that is relatively easy to distribute over a large areal extent, is inexpensive, and is expected to have moderate longevity; and 2) use of an immiscible substrate that can be distributed over a reasonable areal extent at a moderate cost and is expected to have increased longevity

Evaluation of immunocastration conjugates based on GnRH linked to carrier molecules in a male rodent model

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete sex hormones. In the present study, we evaluated different conjugates of GnRH to abrogate sex hormone secretion in a male rat model. Firstly, GnRH-I was conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) using either whole-sequence GnRH-I or an analogue of GnRH-I (CHWSYGLRPG-NH2) using glutaraldehyde cross linkage. Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats (n=6) were immunized intramuscularly with the conjugates adsorbed onto alum, equivalent to 50 μg of GnRH peptide and administered in weeks 1, 3, 5 and 7. The study was concluded in week 15. Comparison was made with untreated controls and previously established anti-fertility conjugates: CHWSYGLRPG-NH2 (GnRH-I) or CHWSHDWKPG-NH2 (analogue of lamprey GnRH-III, lGnRH-III) linked to tetanus toxoid (using a heterobifunctional reagent to achieve cross linkage). Antibody production, hormone levels and testicular diameter changes were assessed, together with, sperm movement and effects on organ weights. Similar high levels of antibody secretion were observed in all the immunized groups, although whole GnRHI- KLH produced a sustained level of production for an additional week. Similarly, testosterone levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in all immunized groups. There were no significant changes observed in body weight and testicular diameter of immunized animals compared with the untreated controls. However, in terms of sperm motility and sperm number, the best anti-fertility effects were observed with lGnRH-III-TT and GnRH-I-KLH and to a lesser extent whole GnRH-I-KLH. These groups also showed significant increase in kidney weight. Finally, considering all the above-mentioned subjects in addition to availability and easier and cheaper way of preparation,we came to this conclusion that whole GnRH-IKLH satisfactorily met most of our favourite criteria and could be used in immunocastration vaccine production purposes successfully